Racial Identity Among White Americans: Structure, Antecedents, and Consequences

Hunt, Matthew O.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41231-9_6

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As the correlation matrix demonstrates (see Table 2 below), the independent variables of interest could be combined into a scale, given their high correlations. Previous research has found substantial relationships between White racial identity in scale format and racial attitudes and policy support (Hunt, 2020). However, other research has found that combining the dimension items masks the ability to understand how these dimensions operate independently and net of other dimensions through unique relationships with the outcome variables (Hunt & Reichelmann, 2019;Reichelmann & Hunt, 2021).…”

Section: Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Contribution To Criminological Research: Theories Of Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through the social psychological perspective of Identity Theory (IT), identities are conceptualized as complex internalizations of roles and group memberships (Hunt, 2020;Stryker & Burke, 2000), meaning that individuals who are members of the same group could interpret and thus respond to a given situation in different ways. To further tease out how identities matter, social psychologists have identified five different identity dimensions which demonstrate the intensity of a given category for an individual's view of the self (Hunt, 2020). Prominence refers to how important or central a given identity is to an individual's view of themselves (McCall & Simmons, 1978), while salience refers to the likelihood of invoking a given identity during everyday interactions (Burke & Stets, 2009;Stryker, 1980).…”

Section: Theoretical Contribution To Criminological Research: Theories Of Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each of these dimensions have been studied independently or alongside other dimensions in order to demonstrate their unique link to thought and/or behavior. While these items have been known to load onto one factor when looking at exclusive groups, such as White Americans, their theoretical and conceptual distinction warrants keeping them independent in order to understand the unique effects of each dimension (Hunt, 2020;Morris, 2013).…”

Section: Theoretical Contribution To Criminological Research: Theories Of Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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When Patriot Becomes Hate-triot: The Relationship Between American Identity and the Production of Cyberhate

Reichelmann

Costello

2021

Am J Crim Just

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Identity-based crimes are understood as crimes rooted in the perceived identity of either the perpetrator or the victim. While some research reports a relationship between the production of cyberhate and group identity, no empirical tests to date assess the strength of the identity related to the crime. We explore the relationship between American identity and the production of hate in an online setting. We draw on data from a nationally representative survey (n = 896) to examine how various dimensions of American national identity relate to the odds of producing hate in the cyber-world. Framed in modern theories of identity, we use a five-item measurement of American identity -prominence, salience, private self-regard, public self-regard, and verification-to provide a detailed exploration of how a respondent's self-views of their American identity and understanding of how others view that identity relate to their likelihood of producing hateful online material. Using descriptive statistics and regression analyses, we find higher levels of salience and public self-regard, as well as socio-demographics such as age, ethnicity, conservativism, and living in a large city, are associated with an increased odds of producing hate. Conversely, education and living in the South are inversely related to the production of hate. The findings suggest that understanding the nuances of "what it means to be American" is an important first step toward more fully grasping the phenomenon of cyberhate. Our findings contribute to the growing body of empirical work on online extremism by demonstrating how identity affects behavior, particularly in this polarizing time when what it means to "be American" is frequently questioned.

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Section: Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Contribution To Criminological Research: Theories Of Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Contribution To Criminological Research: Theories Of Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Contribution To Criminological Research: Theories Of Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

When Patriot Becomes Hate-triot: The Relationship Between American Identity and the Production of Cyberhate

Reichelmann

Costello

2021

Am J Crim Just

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“…White racial consciousness has since come to be understood as a rising and potent force of its own within American politics, one that is especially volatile where it intersects with contemporary racial resentments (Jardina, 2019). In all, prevailing indicators have shown many white Americans as becoming more cognizant of their own race through the 21 st Century, and even explicit and self-conscious of their identity as white (see also Hunt, 2020;McDermott, 2015McDermott, , 2020)-a general pattern that appears to be only intensifying.…”

Section: Studying 21 St Century White America: Developments In Subgroups and Cultural Whitenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The heart of whiteness: On the study of whiteness and White Americans

Torkelson

Hartmann

2021

Sociology Compass

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From the nation's first non-white President, to prevalent narratives of demographic change, a surging reactionary Right and emerging social awareness of white identity, the social context in which white Americans relate to whiteness and white privilege has changed since the early 1990s foundations of whiteness studies. In this article we review work on white Americans and whiteness generally to grapple with their (dis)positions within, and provide a roadmap for sense-making through, recent cultural and racial-political developments. We begin with an overview of now canonical critical-theoretical scholarship, set in the context of other (more limited) empirical work about specific white American subgroups. We highlight how these related, frequently overlapping, though certainly non-synonymous tracks of inquiry into whiteness and white Americans have since evolved, emphasizing that iterative exchange between them may best situate potentially different, cross-cutting orientations toward whiteness and privilege held by various contemporary American whites. We then focus our discussion on several socio-historical developments that will have significant, if somewhat uncertain implications for the reproduction, possible transformation, and study of white America in coming years. Specifically, we detail literatures surrounding recent questions upon the shapes of the white color line, contemporary white nationalisms, and prospects for white antiracism.

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White Racial Identity and Reparations for Slavery

Reichelmann

Hunt

2021

Frontiers in Sociology and Social Research

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Racial Identity Among White Americans: Structure, Antecedents, and Consequences

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

When Patriot Becomes Hate-triot: The Relationship Between American Identity and the Production of Cyberhate

When Patriot Becomes Hate-triot: The Relationship Between American Identity and the Production of Cyberhate

The heart of whiteness: On the study of whiteness and White Americans

White Racial Identity and Reparations for Slavery

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