Racism and nationalism during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic

Elias, Amanuel; Ben, Jehonathan; Mansouri, Fethi; Paradies, Yin

doi:10.1080/01419870.2020.1851382

Cited by 160 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Figure 3 shows the pattern and distribution of COVID-19 deaths based on the 2017 population density per square kilometer for some selected countries. It is worth emphasizing that the pandemic did not cause health disparity in that some minority ethnic groups died at a significantly higher proportion; it only shed more light on the longstanding health disparity in various countries [30][31][32][33]. Existing data on infections, hospitalizations, and deaths reveal significant variation among and within regions and communities [27,28,[34][35][36], prompting questions about health inequality and disparity; they have also stirred curiosity to know which populations are at higher risk and why the risk is higher for one group than others [27].…”

Section: Covid-19 Disparitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of question is what proponents of social, health and environmental justice have been pursuing before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. ity in various countries [30][31][32][33]. Existing data on infections, hospitalizations, and deaths reveal significant variation among and within regions and communities [27,28,[34][35][36], prompting questions about health inequality and disparity; they have also stirred curiosity to know which populations are at higher risk and why the risk is higher for one group than others [27].…”

Section: Covid-19 Disparitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19: Evidenced Health Disparity

Iyanda

Boakye

2021

Encyclopedia

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Health disparity is an unacceptable, unjust, or inequitable difference in health outcomes among different groups of people that affects access to optimal health care, as well as deterring it. Health disparity adversely affects disadvantaged subpopulations due to a higher incidence and prevalence of a particular disease or ill health. Existing health disparity determines whether a disease outbreak such as coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), will significantly impact a group or a region. Hence, health disparity assessment has become one of the focuses of many agencies, public health practitioners, and other social scientists. Successful elimination of health disparity at all levels requires pragmatic approaches through an intersectionality framework and robust data science.

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Section: Covid-19 Disparitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Covid-19 Disparitymentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Evidenced Health Disparity

Iyanda

Boakye

2021

Encyclopedia

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“…Whilst concerns around the ways in which health is increasingly co-opted by approaches to national security are not new ( Aldis, 2008 ; Elbe, 2011 ; Feldbaum et al., 2010 , 2006 ; King, 2002 ; Wenham, 2019 ), the Covid-19 pandemic has, in many ways, provided an unwelcome opportunity to witness these concerns unfold in real-time. The pandemic highlights how existing, and growing, tensions relating to the movement of people across national borders – that manifest as xenophobia, racism and nationalism - continue to frame popular imaginations of the spread of communicable diseases ( Clissold et al., 2020 ; Elias et al., 2021 ; Kwok, 2020 ; Reny and Barreto, 2020 ). In many ways, this is unsurprising: immigration and its intersections with health have long been established as divisive issues, both politically and socially ( Castañeda et al., 2015 ; Grove and Zwi, 2006 ; Hampshire, 2005 ; King, 2002 ; Vearey, 2018 ; White, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, we have witnessed these discourses play out in real time ( Elias et al., 2021 ; Reny and Barreto, 2020 ). It is clear that “perceptions of contagion play out along the lines of xenophobia and racism” ( Hardy, 2020 , p. 655), and border closures and travel restrictions - that have had little to no impact on management of the pandemic - have emerged as go to responses for states ( Chinazzi et al., 2020 ; Emeto et al., 2021 ; Errett et al., 2020 ; Lee et al., 2020 ; Spiegel, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global health (security), immigration governance and Covid-19 in South(ern) Africa: An evolving research agenda

Vearey¹,

Gruchy²,

Maple³

2021

Journal of Migration and Health

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The Covid-19 pandemic provides a stark reminder of the political tensions associated with the field of immigration and health, highlighting the central role that nationalism, racism and xenophobia play in determining responses to communicable diseases. The blurring of global health, immigration governance, and the global health security agendas has long been recognised. However, an improved understanding of the politics influencing these entanglements, specifically within the context of the Covid-19 response in low- and middle-income country contexts, is urgently needed. This includes – but is not limited to – the immediate concerns surrounding inclusive social, political and medical responses to Covid-19; vaccine nationalism – at both global and national levels; and calls for ‘vaccine passports’. To this end, we draw on the Southern African Development Community (SADC) context – one associated with high levels of diverse population movements and a large burden of communicable diseases – to explore responses to Covid-19. We unpack tensions surrounding the management of migration and the ways in which sovereignty impacts attempts at building regional, coordinated responses to migration and health, and consider how this affects progress towards global health targets. With an initial focus on South Africa, we build on previous work exploring the blurring of global health, immigration governance, and the global health security agendas in SADC, and draw from ongoing research on the governance of migration and health within the region. This includes current and evolving research exploring migration and Covid-19, initiated in March 2020 when the first cases of Covid-19 were identified in Southern Africa. The aim is for these findings to catalyse a new and evolving researh agenda to inform the development and implementation of appropriate pandemic responses in a region associated with some of the highest levels of inequality globally. To this end, an evolving research agenda should be responsive to current needs. We suggest that, in SADC, priority research should focus on improving our understanding of (1) the political factors influencing the (dis)connections between migration and health governance structures in the context of Covid-19, and how to overcome these in the context of a pandemic; and (2) the motivations for and implications of a ‘vaccine passport’ system on movement within and beyond the SADC region. This requires a reactive, cross-disciplinary, regional research network. In a context where funding for research is increasingly inaccessible, this requires innovative, informal, collaborative engagement.

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“…As the virus spread into most societies, the quest to apportion blame, amongst the uncertainty caused by the novel Coronavirus, was fostered by the media's coverage and social media's interpretation of the phenomenon. Studies indicate that the social and cultural elements of one's society have shaped and sharpened xenophobic and racist views during COVID-19, especially in the case of minorities (Perry et al, 2020;Elias et al, 2021). Elsewhere, academics have noted the role of some mainstream media as discriminatory catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Representation of Roma in the Romanian Media During COVID-19: Performing Control Through Discursive-Performative Repertoires

Chiruta

2021

Front. Polit. Sci.

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This article investigates the narratives employed by the Romanian media in covering the development of COVID-19 in Roma communities in Romania. This paper aims to contribute to academic literature on Romani studies, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe, by adopting as its case study the town of Ţăndărei, a small town in the south of Romania, which in early 2020 was widely reported by Romanian media during both the pre- and post-quarantine period. The contributions rest on anchoring the study in post-foundational theory and media studies to understand the performativity of Roma identity and the discursive-performative practices of control employed by the Romania media in the first half of 2020. Aroused by the influx of ethnic Romani returning from Western Europe, the Romanian mainstream media expanded its coverage through sensationalist narratives and depictions of lawlessness and criminality. These branded the ethnic minority as a scapegoat for the spreading of the virus. Relying on critical social theory, this study attempts to understand how Roma have been portrayed during the Coronavirus crisis. Simultaneously, this paper resonates with current Roma theories about media discourses maintaining and reinforcing a sense of marginality for Roma communities. To understand the dynamics of Romanian media discourses, this study employs NVivo software tools and language-in-use discourse analysis to examine the headlines and sub headlines of approximately 300 articles that have covered COVID-19 developments in Roma communities between February and July 2020. The findings from the study indicate that the media first focused on exploiting the sensationalism of the episodes involving Roma. Second, the media employed a logic of polarization to assist the authorities in retaking control of the pandemic and health crisis from Romania. The impact of the current study underlines the need to pay close attention to the dynamics of crises when activating historical patterns of stigma vis-à-vis Roma communities in Eastern Europe.

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Racism and nationalism during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 160 publications

References 38 publications

COVID-19: Evidenced Health Disparity

COVID-19: Evidenced Health Disparity

Global health (security), immigration governance and Covid-19 in South(ern) Africa: An evolving research agenda

The Representation of Roma in the Romanian Media During COVID-19: Performing Control Through Discursive-Performative Repertoires

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