Racisms

Bethencourt, Francisco

doi:10.1515/9781400848416

Cited by 45 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Only if the attributes related to the secret key meets the ciphertext related attributes, a user can able to decrypt the ciphertext. Researchers also developed access policy over attributes that can be embedded either in ciphertext or in secret key [4], [5]. ABE schemes are therefore categorized as KP-ABE and CP-ABE.…”

Section: Single Authority Abementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biometric based Multi-Authority Inner Product Encryption for Electronic Health Record

Exceline¹,

Norman²

2019

EAI Endorsed Trans Perv Health Tech

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Introduction:Attribute-based encryption enhances the security of electronic health records outsourced to the cloud. At the same time, single authority attribute based encryption leads to user privacy breech and attribute management complexity. Multi authority attribute-based encryption enhances user privacy and attribute management, but lacks privacy and integrity of data. Therefore, biometric-based multi-authority inner product encryption is proposed to improve data integrity, data privacy, and user privacy. Objectives: The proposed scheme aims to enhance data integrity, data privacy, and user privacy in cloud-based Electronic Health Record. Methods: An exhaustive literature review has been made related to securing electronic health record outsourced to the cloud and found that data integrity is lacking in existing schemes. So an efficient encryption scheme has been proposed which adopts elliptic curve cryptography to enhance data integrity. The security analysis and computational complexity of the proposed scheme is done and compared with existing schemes. Results: The proposed scheme guarantees data integrity and privacy of the sensitive information stored in the electronic health records. The scheme also satisfied the security requirements user privacy, fine-grained access control, and scalability needed for electronic health record outsourced to the cloud. The computational complexity of the proposed scheme is compared with the existing schemes. The result shows that user access rejection complexity and key generation complexity are comparatively low. Conclusion: Biometric, as a global identifier of the user, could improve data integrity for the electronic health records outsourced to the cloud. Multi-authority Inner Product Encryption hides the access structure, along with the data, could improve data privacy and user privacy. Employing NOT gate in the access structure reduces user access rejection complexity.

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Section: Single Authority Abementioning

confidence: 99%

“…ABE scheme enables users with attributes that fulfill the access structure to decrypt the data stored in EHR. ABE is of two forms, (KP-ABE) key policy ABE [4] and ciphertext policy ABE (CP-ABE) [5]. KP-ABE associates user decryption key with the structure of the access tree and associates ciphertext with the attribute set.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biometric based Multi-Authority Inner Product Encryption for Electronic Health Record

Exceline¹,

Norman²

2019

EAI Endorsed Trans Perv Health Tech

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“…Bethencourt opposes those scholars who locate the origins of racism in antiquity because, although there may have been prejudice against certain ethnic groups in the ancient world, he posits that it was not coupled with systematic discriminatory action in the political or social spheres. 34 The first of the book's five parts, 'The Crusades,' presents a largely schematic overview of the late eleventh to the late thirteenth century in which he concludes that animosity to a given group based on descent occurred, but it was not systematic or dominant until the late-medieval period in Iberia when discrimination against Jews and Muslims was grounded in ideas of ethnic descent.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…They also show the importance of historicity and context, without which the emergence and development of particular racisms cannot be fully understood.' 37 Despite Bethencourt's acknowledgment of the importance of looking at racisms rather than racism and his concession that 'there is no cumulative and linear racism,' 38 the historicity and context of particular racisms in his story is sometimes lost. However, Bethencourt succeeds in demonstrating that the distinction many scholars hold between modern natural racism and pre-modern religious racism is untenable because the idea that certain moral or social characteristics are innate and inheritable predates the modern concept of race.…”

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confidence: 99%

Racism and Modernity

Vartija¹

2019

HCM

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Scholars disagree as to when and where racism originates. Various arguments have been put forward holding that the roots of racism can be found in antiquity, 1 the Middle Ages, 2 the early modern period, 3 or only in the modern era. 4 Much of the controversy stems from a lack of consensus concerning what, precisely, should count as racism, a twentieth-century neologism. If we define it broadly, then it certainly extends back into the recesses of the deep past, but we then forfeit conceptual precision in amalgamating xenophobia, prejudice and discrimination, phenomena which can be found in all times and places. If we define it narrowly, for example as 'a mindset that regards "them" as

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“…He argues that racism, defined as 'prejudice concerning ethnic descent coupled with discriminatory action', could not exist prior to the early modern era, since the ethnic prejudices and discriminatory acts of the ancient and medieval worlds were fundamentally disconnected; according to him, this changed with the 15th-century development of blood purity laws (limpieza de sangre) in the Iberian peninsula. 19 Here, the emphasis on the practical side of racism prevents recognition that the ancient world may have hosted a highly conceptual variant, as argued in the collection The Origins of Racism in the West (2009). Its editors focus their definition on racism as an idea, one that 'claims that the characteristics of the other [being described] are determined by nature … are unalterable and [are] passed on from one generation to the next'.…”

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confidence: 99%

Race and Racism in the Global European World Before 1800

Wells

2015

History Compass

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Histories of race and racism for the period before 1800 have been inclined to focus on the Atlantic world, particularly Africa and America. This focus has resulted in a tendency to think of race primarily in terms of slavery and skin colour. In addition, the problems of finding a suitable vocabulary for race and racism – one that is not anachronistic yet recognises the enormity of early modern slavery and genocide – have produced a degree of confusion that obstructs clear understanding of race's early‐modern progenitors. This article argues for a concentration on ‘racism’ rather than on the heavily overdetermined ‘race’, and for the refocusing of studies of race and racism onto the ‘global European world’. This context encompasses the Atlantic as just one part – albeit the most major, in the period before 1800 – of European colonial endeavours and global interactions. As the pre‐eminent maritime and global imperial power after 1763, Britain ought to be firmly in the sights of scholars seeking to understand Europe's most pernicious invention.

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Racisms

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Biometric based Multi-Authority Inner Product Encryption for Electronic Health Record

Biometric based Multi-Authority Inner Product Encryption for Electronic Health Record

Racism and Modernity

Race and Racism in the Global European World Before 1800

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