Radar imaging of intense nonlinear Ekman divergence

Liu, Guoqiang; Perrie, William; Kudryavtsev, V. N.; He, Yijun; Shen, Hui; Zhang, Biao; Hu, Haibo

doi:10.1002/2016gl070799

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Lots of studies have identified that oceanic fronts have a remarkable impact on the regional climate and weather system (G. Q. Liu et al, 2016;Small et al, 2008;Tokinaga et al, 2006;Vecchi et al, 2004;Wallace et al, 1990). For the basin scale, there is a significant negative correlation between SST and surface wind (Namias & Cayan, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oceanic fronts associated with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are considered to be key regions for the midlatitude ocean affecting the overlying atmosphere. Lots of studies have identified that oceanic fronts have a remarkable impact on the regional climate and weather system (G. Q. Liu et al, 2016; Small et al, 2008; Tokinaga et al, 2006; Vecchi et al, 2004; Wallace et al, 1990). For the basin scale, there is a significant negative correlation between SST and surface wind (Namias & Cayan, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistic Effects of Midlatitude Atmospheric Upstream Disturbances and Oceanic Subtropical Front Intensity Variability on Western Pacific Jet Stream in Winter

Chen

et al. 2020

JGR Atmospheres

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In winter, the western Pacific jet stream (WPJS) is located at the downstream of East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ) and East Asian polar front jet (EAPJ). It can be affected by sea surface temperature (SST) and has great impact on precipitation along the North American coast. Synergistic effects of midlatitude atmospheric upstream disturbances and oceanic subtropical front intensity variability on WPJS in winter are investigated in both observation and model experiments. It reveals that the strength and location of WPJS are determined by the configuration of atmospheric upstream disturbances and subtropical frontal zone (STFZ) intensity variability that exist concurrently. During the strong atmospheric upstream disturbances years, the WPJS is anchored at about 25–45°N, and its strength is enhanced (abated) by the intensified (weakened) STFZ. However, when the atmospheric upstream disturbances are weak, the intensity of STFZ changes the location of WPJS. An intensified (weakened) STFZ makes WPJS move southward (northward). Further studies show that strong atmospheric disturbances induce a wide and deep atmospheric baroclinicity anomaly zone, which makes the lower atmosphere obtain baroclinic energy from STFZ. Accordingly, the WPJS is anchored just the north of STFZ. At this time, the intensified (weakened) STFZ just increases (decreases) the upward baroclinic energy at the same position and thus the WPJS. However, with the weakened atmospheric upstream disturbances, the intensified (weakened) STFZ corresponds to an overhead narrow atmospheric baroclinicity anomaly zone, thus leading to the southward (northward) movements of upward baroclinic energy and the WPJS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of Midlatitude Atmospheric Upstream Disturbances and Oceanic Subtropical Front Intensity Variability on Western Pacific Jet Stream in Winter

Chen

et al. 2020

JGR Atmospheres

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“…The SST fronts over the global oceans, with the large horizontal gradients of the sea surface temperature (SST), are typically accompanied with oceanic jet current. There are extensive studies suggested that SST fronts have a remarkable impact on the regional climate and weather system, including the investigations of SST front on the basin scale (Namias & Cayan, ; Wallace et al, ; Xie, ), as well as the studies with small‐scale of a few kilometers (Liu et al, ; Oneill et al, , ; Small et al, ; Tokinaga et al, ; Vecchi et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeled MABL Responses to the Winter Kuroshio SST Front in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea

Bai

Yang

et al. 2019

JGR Atmospheres

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Based on the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model, we designed a long‐term sea surface temperature (SST)‐forcing simulation to simulate the influences of SST front on the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) over the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea during wintertime. The results revealed that SST front have significant relationship with MABL adjustment. The atmospheric modulations and the comparisons of the vector wind and the scalar wind indicate that the MABL responses to the SST front are quite different under different wind directions. When the prevailing wind blows parallel to the SST front (NE wind directions), the sea level pressure adjustment mechanism dominates the atmospheric adjustment. The variances of scalar wind and vector wind are similar. However, when prevailing wind crossing SST front from cold to warm (NW wind directions), both the sea level pressure adjustment mechanism and vertical mixing mechanism play an important role. The maximum variations of the scalar wind are just over the core of SST front, whereas maximum vector wind variations are over warm flank. When wind blowing from warm to cold (SE wind directions), the vertical mixing mechanism contributes more to the MABL responses. The maximum variations of the scalar wind are beyond the top of MABL, which occur over the core SST front. The further diagnosis analysis showed that the meridional transient eddies and mean flow interaction contribute to the scalar wind variations under cross‐front conditions.

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“…Therefore, the enhancement of the wind stress over positive SST anomalies is even greater than one would assume based on the wind speed dependence alone. This effect has implications, for example, for calculating vertical OBL velocities associated with Ekman pumping (Gaube et al 2015), the computation of air-sea exchange processes (Fairall et al 2003), the modeling of surface waves (Cavaleri et al 2007), and the interpretation of remote sensing products from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and scatterometers (Liu et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covariability of Near-Surface Wind Speed Statistics and Mesoscale Sea Surface Temperature Fluctuations

Gemmrich

Monahan

2018

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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The atmospheric (ABL) and ocean (OBL) boundary layers are intimately linked via mechanical and thermal coupling processes. In many regions over the world’s oceans, this results in a strong covariability between anomalies in wind speed and SST. At oceanic mesoscale, this coupling can be driven either from the atmosphere or the ocean. Gridded SST and wind speed data at 0.25° resolution show that over the western North Atlantic, the ABL mainly responds to the OBL, whereas in the eastern North Pacific and in the Southern Ocean, the OBL largely responds to wind speed anomalies. This general behavior is also verified by in situ buoy observations in the Atlantic and Pacific. A stochastic, nondimensional, 1D coupled air–sea boundary layer model is utilized to assess the relative importance of the coupling processes. For regions of little intrinsic SST fluctuations (i.e., most regions of the world’s oceans away from strong temperature fronts), the inclusion of cold water entrainment at the thermocline is crucial. In regions with strong frontal activities (e.g., the western boundary regions), the coupling is dominated by the SST fluctuations, and the frontal variability needs to be included in models. Generally, atmospheric and ocean-driven coupling lead to an opposite relationship between SST and wind speed fluctuations. This effect can be especially important for higher wind speed quantiles.

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Radar imaging of intense nonlinear Ekman divergence

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Synergistic Effects of Midlatitude Atmospheric Upstream Disturbances and Oceanic Subtropical Front Intensity Variability on Western Pacific Jet Stream in Winter

Synergistic Effects of Midlatitude Atmospheric Upstream Disturbances and Oceanic Subtropical Front Intensity Variability on Western Pacific Jet Stream in Winter

Modeled MABL Responses to the Winter Kuroshio SST Front in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea

Covariability of Near-Surface Wind Speed Statistics and Mesoscale Sea Surface Temperature Fluctuations

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