“…As indicated in Fukuyama and Weber (2009) and Zhou et al (2012) a conventional DDF model may overestimate the efficiency when non-zero slacks appears in the efficiency measures, hence, a new generation of non-radial DDF model has been introduced to the DEA literature (Fukuyama et al, 2011) and have been successfully applied in many applications (Fukuyama and Weber, 2010;Mahlberg and Sahoo, 2011;Sahoo et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2013;Zhou et al, 2012). DDF models have also been applied in many disciplines including energy efficiency , assessment of banks (Barros et al, 2012), agriculture (Blancard et al, 2006).…”