Radiant flux density, energy density and fuel consumption in mixed-oak forest surface fires

Kremens, Robert L.; Dickinson, Matthew B.; Bova, Anthony

doi:10.1071/wf10143

Cited by 77 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…FLI estimates from FRP can be obtained for ongoing monitored wildfires by remote sensing imagery. Advantages of FRP include: (i) global, daily FRP observations dating to 2001 (MODIS sensor), which could be used to establish an EWE baseline; (ii) FRP is strongly correlated with FLI [96,97] and radiative FLI derived from MODIS thermal data; and (iii) methods for using FRP to quantify intensity differences between fires/regions have been successfully prototyped [98]. A classification system based on FRP observations is far from perfect, but could improve the classification of EWE at the global scale.…”

Section: The Definition Of Extreme Wildfire Event As a Process And Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Extreme Wildfire Events: Difficulties, Challenges, and Impacts

Tedim

Leone

Amraoui

et al. 2018

Fire

364

220

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Every year worldwide some extraordinary wildfires occur, overwhelming suppression capabilities, causing substantial damages, and often resulting in fatalities. Given their increasing frequency, there is a debate about how to address these wildfires with significant social impacts, but there is no agreement upon terminology to describe them. The concept of extreme wildfire event (EWE) has emerged to bring some coherence on this kind of events. It is increasingly used, often as a synonym of other terms related to wildfires of high intensity and size, but its definition remains elusive. The goal of this paper is to go beyond drawing on distinct disciplinary perspectives to develop a holistic view of EWE as a social-ecological phenomenon. Based on literature review and using a transdisciplinary approach, this paper proposes a definition of EWE as a process and an outcome. Considering the lack of a consistent "scale of gravity" to leverage extreme wildfire events such as in natural hazards (e.g., tornados, hurricanes and earthquakes) we present a proposal of wildfire classification with seven categories based on measurable fire spread and behavior parameters and suppression difficulty. The categories 5 to 7 are labeled as EWE.

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Section: The Definition Of Extreme Wildfire Event As a Process And Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Extreme Wildfire Events: Difficulties, Challenges, and Impacts

Tedim

Leone

Amraoui

et al. 2018

Fire

364

220

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“…A control group containing the same number of replicates was included that was not exposed to fire. These doses were created to simulate the range of fire behavior typically seen in surface fires across a range of global woodland ecosystems [21,34,35]. The needles used in the current experiment were collected from a Pinus monticola plantation located adjacent to the University of Idaho, and were manually sorted to remove impurities.…”

Section: Experimental Fire Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Indices Accurately Quantify Changes in Seedling Physiology Following Fire: Towards Mechanistic Assessments of Post-Fire Carbon Cycling

et al. 2016

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Fire activity, in terms of intensity, frequency, and total area burned, is expected to increase with a changing climate. A challenge for landscape-level assessment of fire effects, often termed burn severity, is that current remote sensing assessments provide very little information regarding tree/vegetation physiological performance and recovery, limiting our understanding of fire effects on ecosystem services such as carbon storage/cycling. In this paper, we evaluated whether spectral indices common in vegetation stress and burn severity assessments could accurately quantify post-fire physiological performance (indicated by net photosynthesis and crown scorch) of two seedling species, Larix occidentalis and Pinus contorta. Seedlings were subjected to increasing fire radiative energy density (FRED) doses through a series of controlled laboratory surface fires. Mortality, physiology, and spectral reflectance were assessed for a month following the fires, and then again at one year post-fire. The differenced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (dNDVI) spectral index outperformed other spectral indices used for vegetation stress and burn severity characterization in regard to leaf net photosynthesis quantification, indicating that landscape-level quantification of tree physiology may be possible. Additionally, the survival of the majority of seedlings in the low and moderate FRED doses indicates that fire-induced mortality is more complex than the currently accepted binary scenario, where trees survive with no impacts below a certain temperature and duration threshold, and mortality occurs above the threshold.

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“…Meteosat carries the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), whose data can be used to detect actively burning fires and to estimate their Fire Radiative Power (FRP). FRP has been shown in laboratory and field experiments to be proportional to rates of fuel consumption and smoke production Freeborn et al, 2008;Kremens et al, 2012;Pereira et al, 2011). Since the first MSG launch in 2002, SEVIRI has observed Europe, Africa, and parts of South America every 15 min, and provided the first geostationary EO data to be used to estimate FRP from landscape fires Roberts and Wooster, 2008;Roberts et al, 2009a, b).…”

Section: Meteosat Second Generation and Biomass Burning Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LSA SAF Meteosat FRP products – Part 1: Algorithms, product contents, and analysis

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Characterizing changes in landscape fire activity at better than hourly temporal resolution is achievable using thermal observations of actively burning fires made from geostationary Earth Observation (EO) satellites. Over the last decade or more, a series of research and/or operational "active fire" products have been developed from geostationary EO data, often with the aim of supporting biomass burning fuel consumption and trace gas and aerosol emission calculations. Such Fire Radiative Power (FRP) products are generated operationally from Meteosat by the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applications Facility (LSA SAF) and are available freely every 15 min in both near-real-time and archived form. These products map the location of actively burning fires and characterize their rates of thermal radiative energy release (FRP), which is believed proportional to rates of biomass consumption and smoke emission. The FRP-PIXEL product contains the full spatio-temporal resolution FRP data set derivable from the SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager) imager onboard Meteosat at a 3 km spatial sampling distance (decreasing away from the west African sub-satellite point), whilst the FRP-GRID product is an hourly summary at 5 • grid resolution that includes simple bias adjustments for meteorological cloud cover and regional underestimation of FRP caused primarily by underdetection of low FRP fires. Here we describe the enhanced geostationary Fire Thermal Anomaly (FTA) detection algorithm used to deliver these products and detail the methods used to generate the atmospherically corrected FRP and perpixel uncertainty metrics. Using SEVIRI scene simulations and real SEVIRI data, including from a period of Meteosat-8 "special operations", we describe certain sensor and data preprocessing characteristics that influence SEVIRI's active fire detection and FRP measurement capability, and use these to specify parameters in the FTA algorithm and to make recommendations for the forthcoming Meteosat Third Generation operations in relation to active fire measures. We show that the current SEVIRI FTA algorithm is able to discriminate actively burning fires covering down to 10 −4 of a pixel and that it appears more sensitive to fire than other algorithms used to generate many widely exploited active fire products. Finally, we briefly illustrate the information contained within the current Meteosat FRP-PIXEL and FRP-GRID products, providing example analyses for both individual fires and multi-year regional-scale fire activity; the companion paper (Roberts et al., 2015) provides a full product performance evaluation and a demonstration of product use within components of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS).

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Radiant flux density, energy density and fuel consumption in mixed-oak forest surface fires

Cited by 77 publications

References 26 publications

Defining Extreme Wildfire Events: Difficulties, Challenges, and Impacts

Defining Extreme Wildfire Events: Difficulties, Challenges, and Impacts

Spectral Indices Accurately Quantify Changes in Seedling Physiology Following Fire: Towards Mechanistic Assessments of Post-Fire Carbon Cycling

LSA SAF Meteosat FRP products – Part 1: Algorithms, product contents, and analysis

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