Radiation doses of Swiss population from external sources

Rybach, Ladislaus; Bächler, D.; Bucher, B.; Schwarz, G.

doi:10.1016/s0265-931x(01)00169-2

Cited by 40 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Data for 1 have been taken from [21], 2 from [13], 3 from [14], 4 from [17], 5 from [22], 6 from [23], 7 from [10], 8 from [15], 9 from [24], 10 from [12], 11 from [4], 12 from [11], and 13 represents the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of natural effective gamma dose rates case study: Ardebil Province in Iran

Hazrati

Baghi

Sadeghi

et al. 2012

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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Gamma rays pose enough energy to induce chemical changes that may be biologically important for the normal functioning of body cells. The external exposure of human beings to natural environmental gamma radiation normally exceeds that from all man-made sources combined. In this research natural background gamma dose rates and corresponding annual effective doses were determined for selected cities of Ardebil province. Outdoor gamma dose rates were measured using an Ion Chamber Survey Meter in 105 locations in selected districts. Average absorbed doses for Ardebil, Sar-Ein, Germy, Neer, Shourabil Recreational Lake, and Kosar were determined as 265, 219, 344, 233, 352, and 358 nSv/h, respectively. Although dose rates recorded for Germi and Kosar are comparable with some areas with high natural radiation background, however, the dose rates in other districts are well below the levels reported for such locations. Average annual effective dose due to indoor and outdoor gamma radiation for Ardebil province was estimated as 1.73 (1.35–2.39) mSv, which is on average 2 times higher than the world population weighted average.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of natural effective gamma dose rates case study: Ardebil Province in Iran

Hazrati

Baghi

Sadeghi

et al. 2012

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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“…We estimated exposures to potential confounders from digital maps, using ArcGIS (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA). We extracted data on background gamma radiation exposure from Swiss radiation maps (Rybach et al 2002) with a grid cell resolution of 2 km. We obtained digital maps of power lines with a resolution of 1:25,000, from the Federal Inspectorate for Heavy Current Installations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestic Radon Exposure and Risk of Childhood Cancer: A Prospective Census-Based Cohort Study

Hauri

Spycher²,

Huss³

et al. 2013

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: In contrast with established evidence linking high doses of ionizing radiation with childhood cancer, research on low-dose ionizing radiation and childhood cancer has produced inconsistent results.Objective: We investigated the association between domestic radon exposure and childhood cancers, particularly leukemia and central nervous system (CNS) tumors.Methods: We conducted a nationwide census-based cohort study including all children < 16 years of age living in Switzerland on 5 December 2000, the date of the 2000 census. Follow-up lasted until the date of diagnosis, death, emigration, a child’s 16th birthday, or 31 December 2008. Domestic radon levels were estimated for each individual home address using a model developed and validated based on approximately 45,000 measurements taken throughout Switzerland. Data were analyzed with Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for child age, child sex, birth order, parents’ socioeconomic status, environmental gamma radiation, and period effects.Results: In total, 997 childhood cancer cases were included in the study. Compared with children exposed to a radon concentration below the median (< 77.7 Bq/m3), adjusted hazard ratios for children with exposure ≥ the 90th percentile (≥ 139.9 Bq/m3) were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.16) for all cancers, 0.95 (95% CI: 0.63, 1.43) for all leukemias, 0.90 (95% CI: 0.56, 1.43) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and 1.05 (95% CI: 0.68, 1.61) for CNS tumors.Conclusions: We did not find evidence that domestic radon exposure is associated with childhood cancer, despite relatively high radon levels in Switzerland.Citation: Hauri D, Spycher B, Huss A, Zimmermann F, Grotzer M, von der Weid N, Weber D, Spoerri A, Kuehni C, Röösli M, for the Swiss National Cohort and the Swiss Paediatric Oncology Group (SPOG). 2013. Domestic radon exposure and risk of childhood cancer: a prospective census-based cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 121:1239–1244; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306500

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“…Whereas the effective dose from radon is delivered primarily to the respiratory system, terrestrial gamma and cosmic rays dominate doses to the red bone marrow ( Kendall et al 2009 ), the primary site of leukemia initiation. In Switzerland, exposure levels of the resident population to background radiation vary considerably due to the relatively high radioactivity of crystalline rocks of the central Alpine massif compared with the sedimentary northern Alpine Foreland (Jura, Molasse Basin) ( Rybach et al 1996 , 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Background Ionizing Radiation and the Risk of Childhood Cancer: A Census-Based Nationwide Cohort Study

Spycher¹,

Lupatsch²,

Zwahlen

et al. 2015

Environ Health Perspect

126

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BackgroundExposure to medium or high doses of ionizing radiation is a known risk factor for cancer in children. The extent to which low-dose radiation from natural sources contributes to the risk of childhood cancer remains unclear.ObjectivesIn a nationwide census-based cohort study, we investigated whether the incidence of childhood cancer was associated with background radiation from terrestrial gamma and cosmic rays.MethodsChildren < 16 years of age in the Swiss National Censuses in 1990 and 2000 were included. The follow-up period lasted until 2008, and incident cancer cases were identified from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry. A radiation model was used to predict dose rates from terrestrial and cosmic radiation at locations of residence. Cox regression models were used to assess associations between cancer risk and dose rates and cumulative dose since birth.ResultsAmong 2,093,660 children included at census, 1,782 incident cases of cancer were identified including 530 with leukemia, 328 with lymphoma, and 423 with a tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Hazard ratios for each millisievert increase in cumulative dose of external radiation were 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.05) for any cancer, 1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) for leukemia, 1.01 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.05) for lymphoma, and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) for CNS tumors. Adjustment for a range of potential confounders had little effect on the results.ConclusionsOur study suggests that background radiation may contribute to the risk of cancer in children, including leukemia and CNS tumors.CitationSpycher BD, Lupatsch JE, Zwahlen M, Röösli M, Niggli F, Grotzer MA, Rischewski J, Egger M, Kuehni CE, for the Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group and the Swiss National Cohort. 2015. Background ionizing radiation and the risk of childhood cancer: a census-based nationwide cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 123:622–628; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408548

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Radiation doses of Swiss population from external sources

Cited by 40 publications

References 1 publication

Investigation of natural effective gamma dose rates case study: Ardebil Province in Iran

Investigation of natural effective gamma dose rates case study: Ardebil Province in Iran

Domestic Radon Exposure and Risk of Childhood Cancer: A Prospective Census-Based Cohort Study

Background Ionizing Radiation and the Risk of Childhood Cancer: A Census-Based Nationwide Cohort Study

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