Radiation hardening by design

Gambles, J.W.; Maki, G.K.; Whitaker, S.

doi:10.1080/00207210701799526

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In addition to process mitigation, there are many techniques for eliminating SEEs at the architectural level [14,15]. These techniques can be implemented on the custom integrated circuit (IC) materials mentioned previously or in traditional COTS fabrics.…”

Section: B Traditional Radiation Mitigation Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability Analysis of Field-Programmable Gate-Array-Based Space Computer Architectures

Hogan

Weber²,

LaMeres

2017

Journal of Aerospace Information Systems

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This paper presents an analysis of the radiation tolerance of field-programmable gate-array-based space computers. The primary failure mechanism studied in this paper is single-event effects due to high-energy ionizing radiation. The analysis is performed on the most common architectures deployed on field-programmable gate-arraybased systems including simplex, triple modular redundant, inclusion of spares, and configuration memory scrubbing. The reliability of each system is modeled using a Markov chain to predict its mean time to failure. Orbital dependencies are discussed in addition to a comparison of reliability across different process nodes. Nomenclature L = system lifetime, s p = probability of failure R = reliability T = transition matrix α = rate of context switch, s −1 λ = radiation-induced fault rate, s −1 μ = repair rate, s −1

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Section: B Traditional Radiation Mitigation Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The numerical technique presented in Eqs. (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) for estimating system reliability is used here. In this example, the fault rate λ was chosen somewhat arbitrarily at the upper range of expected values for a modern, 90 nm device in low-Earth orbit (λ 1 × 10 −3 SEU per millisecond).…”

Section: Simplex System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability Analysis of Field-Programmable Gate-Array-Based Space Computer Architectures

Hogan

Weber²,

LaMeres

2017

Journal of Aerospace Information Systems

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“…(i) Layout, (ii) Circuit techniques and (iii) System level mitigation techniques. 20 Since SEEs and TID e↵ects di↵er in terms of timescale and device impact, their mitigation methods are di↵erent too. Layout techniques are more generic and can be applied broadly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-power electronic technologies for harsh radiation environments

et al. 2021

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Over the past decades, electronic technologies have evolved to serve a wide range of applications, with some necessitating their reliable operation in harsh radiation environments. This perspective article reviews the current landscape in rad-hard electronics, covering the scope of radiation environments, the application needs, the underlying phenomena that impose functional constraints as well as established design methodologies, relying on commercially available technologies (CMOS) for mitigating e↵ects that lead to failure. We further examine the potential of emerging memristive technologies in this field and their properties that render these rad-hard. We also review a variety of rad-hard device designs, rad-mitigation techniques, and experimental procedures for validating the performance of the most promising solutions. Finally, we conclude this article by presenting a roadmap on new concepts and application opportunities enabled by the introduction of novel technologies and designs that can reliably operate under such extreme conditions. topilot upsets that occur on average once in every 200 flight hours, notwithstanding, electrical upsets in automotive electronics and data centers. 3,7 In addition, the solar flares' intense particles and X-rays ionize and increase the density of the low layers of ionosphere, respectively, and interact with the electromagnetic waves resulting into disturbances in the high-frequency radio communication system by fading of the HF signal. 3 These problems eventually a↵ect the stability of the flight system, and tra c operations and navigations both in airspace and on the ground, where safety assurance is of primary importance. Similarly, the operation of nuclear facilities in a safety critical manner is of paramount importance and rad-hard technologies are commonly employed to enhance the overall safety margins. 8 Moreover, radiation e↵ects raise a concern in medical and industrial equipment where X-ray and are used for therapy and diagnostic purposes while in highenergy physics facilities, various particles and photons are generated by the collisions in particle accelerators which pose a severe challenge for the accelerator instrumentation and the radiation detection, data acquisition and communication in the embarked experiments. 9Nevertheless, rad-hard integrated circuit technologies often require additional processing and more complex configurations than the standard fabrication flow that makes the rad-hard electronics, particularly low-power electronic technologies, di cult to keep up with the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) guide. 10 This article examines the latest logic and memory design techniques for radiation e↵ect mitigation and presents future trends for rad-hard technologies.

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“…Several RHBD techniques have been developed over the years to produce devices and systems of enough hardness to resist the space environment [12,13]. Typically, when the complexity and heterogeneity of the system that is going to be implemented in the COTS component is high, classic protection schemes based on spatial redundancy such as dual or triple modular redundancy (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Fault-Tolerant Star Tracker for Small Satellite Applications

Aranda

Reviriego

Maestro

2020

IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.

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Star trackers are autonomous, high-accuracy electronic systems used to determine the attitude of a spacecraft. In recent years, Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS)-based star trackers are growing in importance for low-cost and shortduration missions, but their fault tolerance against soft errors has not been studied in detail. In this paper, we propose a selfhealing system protected with ad-hoc techniques that can be used as the first step to implement a fault tolerant COTS-based star tracker for smallsat applications.

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Radiation hardening by design

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Reliability Analysis of Field-Programmable Gate-Array-Based Space Computer Architectures

Reliability Analysis of Field-Programmable Gate-Array-Based Space Computer Architectures

Low-power electronic technologies for harsh radiation environments

Toward a Fault-Tolerant Star Tracker for Small Satellite Applications

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