Radiation-hardening techniques of dedicated optical fibres used in plasma diagnostic systems in ITER

Brichard, B.; Fernández, Alberto; Ooms, H.; Berghmans, Francis; Decréton, M.; Томашук, А.Л.; Klyamkin, S. N.; Забежайлов, М. О.; Nikolin, I.V.; Bogatyrjov, V. A.; Hodgson, E.R.; Kakuta, T.; Shikama, Tatsuo; Nishitani, T.; Costley, A. E.; Vayakis, G.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.159

Cited by 67 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The hydrogen treatment of the KU-H2G fibre results in a clear suppression of the broad 2 eV absorption band centred around 620 nm which develops in silica due to the formation of non-bridging oxygen hole centres (NBOHC) and peroxy radicals (POR). This leads to a clear improvement in the radiation induced absorption of this fibre over the two fluorine doped fibres and the low-OH KS4V fibre ( Figure 11 and Figure 12) [173]. The KU-H2G fibre underwent a pre-irradiation followed by a molecular hydrogen treatment at high temperature (> 80 °C) and pressure (> 100 bar).…”

Section: Radiation Induced Luminescence (Ril)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…As a result, materials perish and swell, and window transmission is degrading. In addition radiation induced luminescence occurs permitting the use of silica based optical components near to the plasma completely [11,57,172,173]. While stainless steel can withstand more than 1 dpa and 10 9 Gy, insulators are far more affected becoming useless at orders of magnitude lower doses [10].…”

Section: Radiation Effects In Burning Plasma Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostics for steady state plasmas

Hartfuß¹,

König²,

Werner³

2006

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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Problems related to the development of diagnostics for steady state fusion plasma experiments are being discussed. The paper concentrates on those necessities already appearing in nowadays non-burning plasma fusion experiments when extending pulse lengths beyond 10 s, i.e. thermal load, erosion, deposition, and long-time signal integration in magnetic diagnostics. Problems arising from high power ECRH under conditions of incomplete absorption are outlined. Individual standard diagnostic systems are discussed to identify their specific problems as well as the opportunities connected with long pulse operation. Burning plasma experiments characterized by intense n-and g-radiation are briefly reviewed for reasons of completeness, dealing with radiation induced processes in windows, fibres, cables, and mirrors. Methods of data handling, real time monitoring, and plasma control are outlined. Index

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Section: Radiation Induced Luminescence (Ril)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Radiation Effects In Burning Plasma Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics for steady state plasmas

Hartfuß¹,

König²,

Werner³

2006

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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“…The RIA is affected by: 1. the manufacturing conditions, the parameters related to the technology used in producing the optical fiber: the deposition conditions, the draw process characteristicsdraw speed, fiber drawing tension, the preform deposition temperature, oxygen-toreagent ratio (02/R) used during core and clad deposition (Friebele, 1991;Girard et al, 2006;Hanafusa et al, 1986); 2. the existence, prior to the irradiation, of some precursors (Miniscalco et al, 1986); 3. the dopants present in the optical fiber core or cladding (pure silica, or doped with Ce, Er, Ge, F, N, P, Yb, high-OH, low-OH, high-Cl, low-Cl, H2-loading), (Arvidsson et al, 2009;Berghmans, 2006;Berghmans et al, 2008;Bisutti et al, 2007;Brichard & Fernandez Fernandez, 2005;Friebele, 1991;Girard et al, 2004a;Girard et al, 2004b;Girard et al, 2008;Griscom et al, 1996;Henschel et al, 1992;Kuyt et al, 2006;Lu et al, 1999;Mady et al, 2010;Paul et al, 2009;Regnier et al, 2007;Vedda et al, 2004;Wijnands et al, 2007), in some situations such ingredients contribute to the radiation hardening (Brichard et al, 2004;Brichard & Fernandez Fernandez, 2005;Girard et al, 2009); 4. the residual substances remaining after the manufacturing process, as for example chlorine having an associated color center in the UV spectral range, which can extend into the visible Girard & Marcandella, 2010); 5. the type of radiation to which the optical fiber is subjected (Arvidsson et al, 2009;Bisutti et al, 2007;Brichard et al, 2001;Calderón et al, 2006;Girard et al, 2004a;Girard et al, 2004b;…”

Section: Optical Fibers Performances Under Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Fibers and Optical Fiber Sensors Used in Radiation Monitoring

Sporea¹,

Sporea²,

O'Keeffe³

et al. 2012

Selected Topics on Optical Fiber Technology

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“…49,50 At the higher dose regimes encountered in MTRs, optical fiber use is possible for wavelengths above 800 nm. Previous in-core reactor experiments carried out in MTRs in Europe and Japan demonstrated that RIA can remain limited to a few dB/m in the 800-to 1100-nm range even after intense irradiation up to the GGy level and 10 19 n/cm 2 .…”

Section: Fiber Optic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

2012 Status Report on Efforts to Enhance Instrume

Rempe¹,

Knudson²,

Daw³

et al. 2012

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The Department of Energy (DOE) designated the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) as a National Scientific User Facility (NSUF) in April 2007 to support U.S. leadership in nuclear science and technology. By attracting new research users -universities, laboratories, and industry -the ATR NSUF facilitates basic and applied nuclear research and development, further advancing the nation's energy security needs. A key component of the ATR NSUF effort at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is to design, develop, and deploy new in-pile instrumentation techniques that are capable of providing real-time measurements of key parameters during irradiation. To address this need, an assessment of instrumentation available and under-development at other test reactors was completed. Based on this initial review, recommendations were made with respect to what instrumentation is needed at the ATR, and a strategy was developed for obtaining these sensors. In 2009, a report was issued documenting this program's strategy and initial progress toward accomplishing program objectives. Since 2009, annual reports have been issued to provide updates on the program strategy and the progress made on implementing the strategy. This report provides the 2012 update.As reported in this document, significant accomplishments occurred in several instrumentation development and deployment areas during 2012. Specialized INL-developed sensors for real-time detection of temperature and thermal conductivity are not only being provided to NSUF reactors at INL and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but are also being provided to the Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) in France and to the Institute for Energy Technology/Halden Reactor Project (IFE/HRP) in Norway for evaluation. High Temperature Test Laboratory (HTTL) staff are also involved in expanding options for peak temperature sensors, such as melt wires and silicon carbide temperature monitors, and integral fluence sensors, such as activation foils and flux wires available to our users. On-going tasks to deploy real-time length and flux detection sensors are continuing. A test rig for evaluating creep specimens is now ready for use in the newly reactivated ATR pressurized water loop and efforts have been initiated to develop a crack growth test rig. In addition, several tasks evaluating 'advanced' technologies, such as fiber-optics based length detection and ultrasonic thermometers, were initiated.

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Radiation-hardening techniques of dedicated optical fibres used in plasma diagnostic systems in ITER

Cited by 67 publications

References 12 publications

Diagnostics for steady state plasmas

Diagnostics for steady state plasmas

Optical Fibers and Optical Fiber Sensors Used in Radiation Monitoring

2012 Status Report on Efforts to Enhance Instrume

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