Radiation Heat Transfer to the Leeward Side of a Massive Object Suspended Over a Pool Fire

Kramer, M. Alex; Greiner, Miles; Koski, J.A.

doi:10.1115/imece2001/htd-24250

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

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Numerical Simulation of the Howard Street Tunnel Fire

McGrattan

Hamins

2006

Fire Technol

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The paper presents numerical simulations of a fire in the Howard Street Tunnel, Baltimore, Maryland, following the derailment of a freight train in July, 2001. The model was validated for this application using temperature data collected during a series of fire experiments conducted in a decommissioned highway tunnel in West Virginia. The peak predicted temperatures within the Howard Street Tunnel were approximately 1,000 • C (1,800 • F) within the flaming regions, and approximately 500 • C (900 • F) averaged over a length of the tunnel equal to about four rail cars.

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Numerical Simulation of the Howard Street Tunnel Fire

McGrattan

Hamins

2006

Fire Technol

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Measurements of Heat Transfer to a Massive Cylindrical Calorimeter Engulfed in a Circular Pool Fire

Kramer

Greiner

Koski

et al. 2003

Journal of Heat Transfer

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A large-scale experiment was performed to measure heat transfer to a massive cylindrical calorimeter engulfed in a 30 minute circular-pool fire. This test simulated the conditions of a truck-sized nuclear waste transport package in a severe fire. The calorimeter inner surface temperature and the flame environment emissive power were measured at several locations as functions of time. An inverse heat conduction technique was used to estimate the net heat flux to the calorimeter. Tall porous fences surrounded the test facility to reduce the effect of wind on the fire. Outside the fences, 2.9 m/s winds blew across the calorimeter axis at the beginning of the test but decreased with time. The wind tilted and moved the fire so that the initial flame environment emissive power was substantially less on the windward side than the leeward side. The calorimeter became more uniformly engulfed as the winds decreased. The maximum heat flux to the calorimeter was 150 MW/m2 on the leeward side at the beginning of the fire, and generally decreased with time. The local variations of calorimeter temperature and heat flux were closely related to the local flame environment emissive power.

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Radiant heating cookoff experiments and predictive simulations for fast cookoff.

Cooper¹,

Erikson²,

Oliver³

et al. 2012

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Thermal initiation (cookoff) of energetic material-laden devices (rocket motors and munitions) during accidental fires is an important safety concern. An article within a pool fire is an example of potential fast cookoff scenerio that has significant potential for a catastrophic result. Beginning in 2007, a collaborative experimental and model development research program under the Joint Munitions Program (JMP) was initiated at SNL/NM to address energetic material response to fast cookoff. The efforts expanded our ongoing research program studying slow cookoff phenomena and sought to answer the key question of "Can our kinetics models derived under slow cookoff conditions be applied to accurately represent energetic material behavior at fast cookoff conditions?" The simplest categorization of slow cookoff is material centered within the energetic material whereas a fast cookoff event is material ignition that occurs at a heated boundary. The external heating rate related to the heat conduction within the energetic material determines the ignition location and thus, the cookoff charaterization of slow or fast. We have developed a benchtop experiment that confines an energetic material sample and exposes it to constant incident heat fluxes common in fire in a controlled and reproducible fashion. Temperatures within the sample near the heated surface are measured using thermocouples and the time-to-event is determined 3 as a function of incident heat flux. Insight and guidance into the experimental development has been provided by one-and three-dimensional simulations of the heat flow paths through the device. Coupling a chemical kinetics model with the heat transfer calculations enable computational predictions of time-to-ignition for comparison to the experimental data. Experimental and predicted data for PBXN-109, PBX-9501, PBX-9502, and Composition B are presented. The final section of this report presents an initial approach aimed at studing the effect of confinement on ignition and sustained reaction.4

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Radiation Heat Transfer to the Leeward Side of a Massive Object Suspended Over a Pool Fire

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Numerical Simulation of the Howard Street Tunnel Fire

Numerical Simulation of the Howard Street Tunnel Fire

Measurements of Heat Transfer to a Massive Cylindrical Calorimeter Engulfed in a Circular Pool Fire

Radiant heating cookoff experiments and predictive simulations for fast cookoff.

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