“…Charged defects, located in the oxide bulk at distances greater than a few nanometers from the Si-SiO 2 interface may recharge only at very large times, and, thus, are usually treated as a fixed (i.e., gate bias-independent) positive oxide charge (Q ot ). The defects with the energy levels, located opposite to the silicon bandgap, are capable to reversibly exchange the carriers with the Si substrate, depending on the Fermi level position [12,13,14]. Such defects are traditionally referred to as interface traps, border traps, or switching states [15,16,17,18].…”