Radiation-Induced Invagination of the Nuclear Envelope

Flaw Tolerance of Nuclear Intermediate Filament Lamina under Extreme Mechanical Deformation

“…13,14,16 Other possible factors include ionizing radiation that results in the breakage of covalent or noncovalent bonds within protein structures and thus results in structural defects. [17][18][19] It has been shown that continuous radiation, as experienced for example during space flight, causes cracks to occur around nuclear pores which leads to a complete fragmentation of nuclear envelopes once a critical defect concentration is reached 17 (see Figure S2 in the Supporting Information).…”

“…What is remarkable is that all the various types of nuclear lamina naturally feature structural imperfections, defects, and heterogeneities including those induced by nuclear pores. ,− Defects in the lamina can also be caused by localized forces from cytoskeletal structures or by atomic-scale defects due to the imperfect assembly of the meshwork, leading to void formation in the meshwork. ,,, Another source of imperfections is generated by the clustering of lamin-associated nuclear pore complexes, which can grow rather large and are naturally present in virtually all cells. ,, Other possible factors include ionizing radiation that results in the breakage of covalent or noncovalent bonds within protein structures and thus results in structural defects. − It has been shown that continuous radiation, as experienced for example during space flight, causes cracks to occur around nuclear pores which leads to a complete fragmentation of nuclear envelopes once a critical defect concentration is reached (see Figure S2 in the Supporting Information).…”

“…13,14,16 Other possible factors include ionizing radiation that results in the breakage of covalent or noncovalent bonds within protein structures and thus results in structural defects. [17][18][19] It has been shown that continuous radiation, as experienced for example during space flight, causes cracks to occur around nuclear pores which leads to a complete fragmentation of nuclear envelopes once a critical defect concentration is reached 17 (see Figure S2 in the Supporting Information). While experimental data has provided clear evidence that nuclei in healthy cells can effectively withstand extreme dilations and deformation without rupture, 15 conventional material models have failed to explain their significant capacity to expand without failure.…”

Radiation effects on cell membranes

“…There are, indeed, many data accumulating which point to the alterations of nuclear [73], mitochondrial [44] membranes, endoplasmic reticulum [81], Golgi-complex [34,35,37]. This idea is based on the similar chemical and supramolecular built-up.…”

Genetic Linkage of Nuclear Morphology of Mouse Lung Tumors to the Kras-2 Locus

“…The latter feature is also observed in human papillary adenoma of type II cells ( that are comparable with mouse bronchioloalveolar adenomas ), where the nuclear inclusions are eosinophilic [ 16] . Previously, invagination of the nuclear envelope has been reported as a result of irradiation in Chinese hamster V-79 and mouse L cells in a dose-dependent way [ 17] , in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia lymphocytes stimulated with NaIO 4 [ 18] , and in nodular lymphomas [ 19] . Further, nuclear blebing was reported in granulocytes and lymphoblasts from individuals with leukemia, bron chogenic carcinoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma [ 20 -23] .…”