“…Many studies of acute irradiation of individuals and/or populations of wild organisms have been conducted in the laboratory (e.g., Marshall, 1962;Bonham and Welander, 1963;Cosgrove, 1965;Angelovic and Engel, 1968;French and Kaaz, 1968;Kellogg, Provost, and Pelton, 1968;Dunaway et al, 1969) and in the field (Blair and Kennedy, 1959;Golley and Gentry, 1969;Pelton and Provost, 1969;Markham and Whicker, 1970;O'Farrell et al, 1972).…”