“…Natural dye applications have been restricted due to low dye fi xation rates and poor color strengths, especially for cellulose cotton-based fabrics [4]. Several approaches have been reported to improve the dyeing process, such as chemical and physical surface modifi cation by enzymatic action, plasma, gamma radiation, or cover materials [5][6][7][8][9][10], modifi cation of solution-surface equilibrium energy [11,2], modifi cation of the dye activation energy by ultrasonic waves [12][13][14], and the use of different mordants, tertiary amines/quaternary ammonium compounds (cationization methods), metal/metalloids salts, tannins, and enzymes [15][16][17][18]. All these methods try to increase the chemical affi nity between the dye and fi ber fabric surface, improving a high electrostatic affi nity or the covalent bond formation [19,20].…”