Radiation processing of sewage and sludge. A review

Borrely, Sueli Ivone; Cruz, Ariádne Cristiane Cabral da; Mastro, Nélida L. del; Sampa, M.H.O.; Somessari, E.S.R.

doi:10.1016/s0149-1970(97)87287-3

Cited by 94 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The EB treatment results in the generation of a mixture of ions, excited m described for the radiolysis of water [45] ensuring the activation of both the dis well as of the membranes [22][23][24][27][28][29]47]. The formed radicals/activated s reactions, such as cross-linking or recombination reactions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocatalytic Self-Cleaning Polymer Membranes

et al. 2015

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Polymer membrane surfaces have been equipped with the digestive enzyme trypsin. Enzyme immobilization was performed by electron beam irradiation in aqueous media within a one-step method. Using this method, trypsin was covalently and side-unspecific attached to the membrane surface. Thus, the use of preceding polymer functionalization and the use of toxic solvents or reagents can be avoided. The resulting membranes showed significantly improved antifouling properties as demonstrated by repeated filtration of protein solutions. Furthermore, the biocatalytic membrane can be simply "switched on" to actively degrade a fouling layer on the membrane surface and regain the initial permeability. The membrane pore structure (pore size and porosity) was neither damaged by the electron beam treatment nor blocked by the enzyme loading, ensuring a stable membrane performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocatalytic Self-Cleaning Polymer Membranes

et al. 2015

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“…Most literature regarding removal of helminth eggs is related to inactivation of helminth eggs contained in excess sludge [4,[13][14][15][16] and physical removal from wastewater [1,17,18]. Technologies to inactivate helminth eggs in sludge are aimed at destroying the structure of the egg (mainly damages in its lipid layer) which prevents further development and survival of the eggs [4,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Technologies to inactivate helminth eggs in sludge are aimed at destroying the structure of the egg (mainly damages in its lipid layer) which prevents further development and survival of the eggs [4,19,20]. The best technologies for inactivation of helminth eggs present in sludge are thermal treatment at 108 °C [16], irradiation at 3500 Gy [14,15], pasteurization at 70 °C [13,21] or chemical treatment using sulfuric, hydrochloric, propionic, acetic or peracetic acid [19]. Processes like alkaline pre-and post-stabilization, by, for example, adding lime or other alkaline compound to the sludge, and thermophilic anaerobic digestion have shown high residual concentrations of worm eggs, i.e., more than 1 egg·g TS in the sludge, respectively [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth Egg Removal Capacity of UASB Reactors under Subtropical Conditions

Yaya-Beas

Ayala-Limaylla

Kujawa-Roeleveld

et al. 2015

Water

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This research was conducted to study the anaerobic sludge filtration capacity regarding helminth egg removal in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. Two 25 L lab-scale UASB reactors were operated at an ambient temperature which varied between 17.1 and 28.6 °C. Ascaris suum egg was selected as the model egg considering its similarity in terms of size and morphology to Ascaris lumbricoides, a human pathogen. Ascaris suum eggs were obtained from female parasites of infected pigs. The anaerobic sludge filtration capacity was performed applying upflow velocities between 0.09 and 0.68 m·h −1. Three sludge bed heights in the range of 0.30-0.40 m, 0.50-0.60 m and 0.60-0.70 m were applied. These sludge bed heights corresponded to 19%-25%, 31%-38% and 38%-44% of the total reactor height, respectively. Under the mentioned conditions, the average helminth egg removal efficiency was reciprocally correlated to the imposed upflow velocity. The studied lab-scale reactors reported an average helminth egg removal between 34%-100%, 30%-91% and 34%-56%, when the sludge bed in the UASB reactor OPEN ACCESSWater 2015, 7 2403 was 19%-25%, 31%-38% and 38%-44% of the total reactor height, respectively. The decreased filtration capacity at increasing sludge bed heights might be likely related to biogas production and channeling formation. The average helminth egg removal efficiency in the control experiments performed without any sludge bed, by plain sedimentation, varied between 44% and 66%.

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“…The dissolved oxygen is consumed very rapidly and so a constant and adequate supply is required. Irradiation treatment of a secondary effluent from sewage treatment plant reduced COD, TOC and colour up to 64%, 34% and 88% respectively, at a dose of 15 K Gy gamma-rays (Borrely et al, 1998). The efficiency of irradiation treatment increases when is used catalyst as titanium dioxide (Krapfenbauer et al, 1999).…”

Section: Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%