Radiation resistance of electro-optic polymer-based modulators

Taylor, Edward W.; Nichter, James E.; Nash, Fazio; Haas, Franz; Szep, Attila; Michalak, Richard J.; Flusche, Brian M.; Cook, Paul; McEwen, Tom A.; McKeon, Brian; Payson, Paul M.; Brost, George A.; Pirich, Andrew R.; Castaneda, C.M.; Tsap, B.; Fetterman, Harold R.

doi:10.1063/1.1927713

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In a 2003 investigation it was demonstrated that devices not strongly poled (therefore possessing large V values) were likely to de-pole when irradiated by gamma-rays 11 . In a subsequent investigation it was observed that some strongly poled devices actually experienced a substantial lowering of their V π values when irradiated by gamma-rays over a low dose range 8 . Figure 4 is the V π response of several Mach-Zehnder EO modulators comprised of a guest-chromophore (phenyltetrane)-and host-polymer (amorphous polycarbonate) irradiated by 60 Co gamma-rays at Sandia National Laboratory and irradiated by 25.6 MeV protons using the isochronous cyclotron located at Crocker Nuclear Laboratory (CNL) 8 .…”

Section: Radiation Effects In Polymer Eo Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a subsequent investigation it was observed that some strongly poled devices actually experienced a substantial lowering of their V π values when irradiated by gamma-rays over a low dose range 8 . Figure 4 is the V π response of several Mach-Zehnder EO modulators comprised of a guest-chromophore (phenyltetrane)-and host-polymer (amorphous polycarbonate) irradiated by 60 Co gamma-rays at Sandia National Laboratory and irradiated by 25.6 MeV protons using the isochronous cyclotron located at Crocker Nuclear Laboratory (CNL) 8 . Figure 4 shows that V π decreased following irradiation by gamma-rays and is only slightly altered by proton irradiations.…”

Section: Radiation Effects In Polymer Eo Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process believed responsible for the ΔV π responses may be similar to refractive index increases of ~ 10 -2 -10 -3 reported for irradiated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) arising from free volume changes that can increase the modulator core refractive index. For example 8 , since V π is proportional to the refractive index (V π = λd/r 33 n 3 ΓL), a change of index corresponding to Δn = 0.03 would be required to result in ΔV π reduction of 6% for a device having a V π of 6V, electrode length (L) of 2 cm, EO coefficient of r 33 = 24 pm/V, n (core) = 1.62, device thickness (d) = 7.9 μm and λ = 1. The data shown in Figure 5 indicate that properly designed polymer modulators have a high potential for space applications.…”

Section: Radiation Effects In Polymer Eo Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of special interest are recent studies conducted and reported by Taylor and colleagues [8][9][10][11][12] regarding radiationinduced effects and hardening of non-linear optical (NLO) polymer based modulators. While commercial polymer modulators are emerging, only a modicum of data has been reported for gauging the eventual space qualification of these devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Space qualification issues in acousto-optic and electro-optic devices

et al. 2007

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Satellite and space-based applications of photonic devices and systems require operational reliability in the harsh environment of space for extended periods of time. This in turn requires every component of the systems and their packaging to meet space qualifications. Acousto-and electro-optical devices form the major components of many current space based optical systems, which is the focus of this paper. The major space qualification issues are related to: mechanical stability, thermal effects and operation of the devices in the naturally occurring space radiation environment. This paper will discuss acousto-and electro-optic materials and devices with respect to their stability against mechanical vibrations, thermal cycling in operating and non-operating conditions and device responses to space ionizing and displacement radiation effects. Selection of suitable materials and packaging to meet space qualification criteria will also be discussed. Finally, a general roadmap for production and testing of acousto-and electro-optic devices will be discussed.

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Section: Radiation Effects In Polymer Eo Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radiation Effects In Polymer Eo Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radiation Effects In Polymer Eo Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Space qualification issues in acousto-optic and electro-optic devices

et al. 2007

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“…While there have been various claims that many polymer materials used in fabricating PBPs are intrinsically resistant to ionizing radiation, verification to this extent has only been recently investigated [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Recent studies clearly indicate that to favorably and efficiently impact the development of cutting-edge organic/polymer based photonics technology for reliable operation in the space-radiation environment, acquisition of empirical irradiation data and a thorough analysis of the radiation induced effects are required at the earliest stages of component development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Radiation Resistant Materials for Developing Space-Hardened Polymer Modulators

Taylor¹

2004

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. INVESTIGATION OF RADIATION RESISTANT MATERIALS FOR DEVELOPING SPACE-HARDENED POLYMER MODULATORS AUTHOR(S)Edward W. Taylor FUNDING NUMBERSC -F30602-02-C-0157 PE -62204F PR -665D TA -SN WU -03 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)International Photonics Consultants, Inc. 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 Words)An investigation of the radiation resistance of polymer based electro-optic modulators was conducted by the International Photonics Consultants for the Air Force Research Laboratory Photonics Technology Branch (SNDP) to determine the potential of polymer modulators for airborne and space environment microwave applications. Gammaray and proton irradiation of CPW-1/APC, CLD-75/APC, and other non-linear polymer materials received ionizing doses ranging to 163 krad(Si). Modulator parameters including half-wave voltage, insertion losses, and extinction ratios were evaluated for changes resulting from the ionization processes. Among the different spun-on and self-assembled PBMs investigated CPW-1/APC phenyltetraene based devices exhibited the greatest resistance to both gamma-ray and proton irradiations. In some devices the half-wave voltage and insertion losses decreased at low [50 krad(si)] gammaray total dose. Empirical data supporting a recent hypothesis was demonstrated which asserted that strongly poled PBMs exhibiting low V π are less susceptible to moderate gamma-ray dose. Compared to gamma-ray irradiations, PBMs exposed to 25.6 MeV energetic protons at equivalent dose were shown to exhibit increased degradation to their V π and insertion losses. The empirical data provide a critical step in addressing DoD concerns for developing radiation resistant polymer technology for application to next generation microwave integrated polymer photonic components for space and strategic systems.

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Electrooptical Applications

Dalton

2010

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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An overview of organic electronic electrooptic materials and the applications of those materials in prototype devices is given. This overview is set in the context of competing technologies. Quantum and statistical mechanical theoretical methods have recently provided significantly improved guidance in understanding organic electrooptic material structure/function relationships, leading to the systematic increase in electrooptic activity of such materials to values 15 times larger than the current commercial standard lithium niobate. In addition to discussion of electro‐optic activity, auxiliary properties of bandwidth, optical loss, thermal stability, photochemical stability, mechanical properties, and processability are discussed. Since the year 2000, substantial advances have been achieved in the processing of organic electrooptic materials and the integration with disparate materials, e.g., silicon photonics. For example, cycloaddition reactions have been employed to dramatically improve the thermal and photochemical stability of organic electrooptic materials. Integration of organic electrooptic materials with silicon photonic device structures have lead to new performance records, device concepts, and paves the way for the chipscale intergration of electronics and photonics. The fabrication of conformal and flexible devices have also been demonstrated with organic electrooptic materials and such materials have been amenable to production of complex photonic circuitry by nanoimprint/soft lithography techniques.

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Radiation resistance of electro-optic polymer-based modulators

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Space qualification issues in acousto-optic and electro-optic devices

Space qualification issues in acousto-optic and electro-optic devices

Investigation of Radiation Resistant Materials for Developing Space-Hardened Polymer Modulators

Electrooptical Applications

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