Radiative forcing and temperature change at Potsdam between 1893 and 2012

Stanhill, G.; Ahiman, Ori

doi:10.1002/2014jd021877

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The annual SSR series (Figure , top) starts with an increase until around 1950 (absolute maximum of the filtered series) in line with the early brightening period previously detected in SSR and sunshine duration series in Europe [ Sanchez‐Lorenzo et al ., ; Ohmura , ; Stanhill and Ahiman , ; Manara et al ., ] although it is less evident if direct solar radiation is analyzed [ Ohvril et al ., ; Lachat and Wehrli , ; Antón et al ., ]. This early brightening period is then followed by a decrease until the mid‐1980s (i.e., dimming period), with a brief period of stabilization in the second half of the 1960s.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassessment and update of long‐term trends in downward surface shortwave radiation over Europe (1939–2012)

et al. 2015

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This paper presents trends in downward surface shortwave radiation (SSR) over Europe, which are based on the 56 longest series available from the Global Energy Balance Archive that are mainly concentrated in central Europe. Special emphasis has been placed on both ensuring the temporal homogeneity and including the most recent years in the data set. We have generated, for the first time, composite time series for Europe covering the period 1939-2012, which have been studied by means of running trend analysis. The mean annual SSR series shows an increase from the late 1930s to the early 1950s (i.e., early brightening), followed by a reduction until mid-1980s (i.e., global dimming) and a subsequent increase up to the early 2000s (i.e., global brightening). The series ends with a tendency of stabilization since the early 21st century, but the short time period is insufficient with regard to establishing whether a change in the trend is actually emerging over Europe. Seasonal and regional series are also presented, which highlight that similar variations are obtained for most of the seasons and regions across Europe. In fact, due to the strong spatial correlation in the SSR series, few series are enough to capture almost the same interannual and decadal variability as using a dense network of stations. Decadal variations of the SSR are expected to have an impact on the modulation of the temperatures and other processes over Europe linked with changes in the hydrological cycle, agriculture production, or natural ecosystems. For a better dissemination of the time series developed in this study, the data set is freely available for scientific purposes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassessment and update of long‐term trends in downward surface shortwave radiation over Europe (1939–2012)

et al. 2015

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“…A published analysis of the long E g↓ series measured at Potsdam in Central Europe illustrated in Figure (b) indicates the contribution that measurements during the first half of the last century can make to resolve these uncertainties. At this site Figure (b) shows that the decadal variation in E g↓ measured during the first and second half of the 120‐year series was similar despite the fact that combustion of fossil fuels in the 1° cell area surrounding the site was 252% greater in the second than in the earlier half of the series (Stanhill and Ahiman, ), suggesting that variations in anthropogenic emissions of aerosols at Potsdam were not the only and perhaps not the major factor controlling trends in E g↓ . This conclusion is also supported by an analysis of the Angstrom–Prescott relationship measured at this site since 1937 (Stanhill et al , ).…”

Section: Relevance Of Early Global Radiation Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…() indicates calculated values based on measurements of sunshine duration as given at the above web site. Additional details of the instruments used and accuracies are given in Stanhill and Ahiman ().…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 76‐year‐long Potsdam series of pyranometer measurements was extended to 120 years using monthly values of the highly correlated ( R 2 = 0.95) proxy measurements of sunshine duration which began in 1893 (Stanhill et al , ), and annual values of the extended series are shown in Figure (b). An analysis of these measurements has been published with an emphasis on their relationship with the inter‐annual variability in maximum and minimum air temperatures (Stanhill and Ahiman, ). Other analyses of early series that have been published include those starting in 1912 at Pavlovsk, Russia (Kalitin, ).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early global radiation measurements: a review

Stanhill

Achiman

2016

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Measurements of global radiation Eg↓ made in the first half of the 20th century are reviewed. The thermoelectric pyranometers used to measure Eg↓ in the United States, Western Europe and Russia are described and the published sources of data available up to and including the 1957 International Geophysical Year are documented together with the few analyses of this data which have been reported. Two 100‐year‐long series measured at Potsdam, Germany and Washington, DC in the United States are presented to illustrate the potential value of the early measurements in understanding the changes in Eg↓ which have occurred in the last 60 years.

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“…Consequently, we do not put into question the importance of the greenhouse effect for warming over Europe. Some other influencing factors are the decline in low visibility days in Europe [e.g., Vautard et al , ], circulation and cloud cover changes [e.g., van Oldenborgh et al , ; de Laat and Crok , ; Xia , ], the changes in water vapor content of the lower atmosphere [ Stanhill and Ahiman , ], and the impact of aerosols and greenhouse gases [e.g., Philipona et al , ] which we did not explicitly study in our analysis. But cloud cover changes and visibility changes, for example, are implicit in the SD records [e.g., Sanchez‐Romero et al , ], thus have entered the present analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between sunshine duration and temperature trends across Europe since the second half of the twentieth century

Besselaar

Sánchez-Lorenzo

Wild

et al. 2015

J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.

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Global radiation is a fundamental source of energy in the climate system. A significant impact of global radiation on temperature change is expected due to the widespread dimming/brightening phenomenon observed since the second half of the twentieth century. This work describes the analysis of 312 stations with sunshine duration (SD) series, a proxy for global radiation, and temperature series in the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D) with data over the period . The relationship between SD and temperature series is analyzed for four temperature variables: maximum (T max ), minimum (T min ), mean temperature (T mean ), and diurnal temperature range (DTR). The analyses are performed on annual and seasonal basis. The results show strong positive correlations between SD and temperatures over Europe, with highest correlation for DTR and T max during the summer period. These results confirm the strong relationship between SD and temperature trends over Europe since the second half of the twentieth century. This study supports previous suggestions that dimming (brightening) has partially decreased (increased) temperatures thereby modulating the greenhouse gas induced warming rates over Europe.

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Radiative forcing and temperature change at Potsdam between 1893 and 2012

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Reassessment and update of long‐term trends in downward surface shortwave radiation over Europe (1939–2012)

Reassessment and update of long‐term trends in downward surface shortwave radiation over Europe (1939–2012)

Early global radiation measurements: a review

Relationship between sunshine duration and temperature trends across Europe since the second half of the twentieth century

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