Radiative transition probabilities of neutral and singly ionized Europium estimated by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)

Irvine, Sawyer; Andrews, Hunter; Myhre, Kristian; Goldstein, Kari; Coble, Jamie B.

doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2022.108184

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Transition probabilities for these species are either highly limited or completely unavailable, making artificial spectra impossible to produce. Future studies like those reported by Irvine et al (2022) and Andrews et al (2022b) will be needed to determine these fundamental properties.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 90%

Concept for an irradiation experiment to test a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy off-gas sensor for molten salt systems

2023

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This paper focuses on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as an off-gas sensor and details a conceptual irradiation experiment to evaluate its performance in an environment that is more realistic of an operational molten salt reactor (MSR). MSRs are a promising advanced nuclear design that use high-temperature liquid salts as the coolant, fuel, or a combination of both. They will generate and subsequently evolve fission products into the reactor headspace during operation. These evolved fission products will necessitate an online off-gas system to treat the reactor cover gas before recycling it to the core. Such a system, especially during the early deployment phase, will benefit from online sensors to inform operators of the treatment system’s performance. Optical spectroscopy is well-suited to fit this task as it can be remotely deployed using fiber-optics and can detect most species at high frequencies. LIBS can detect nearly every element on the Periodic Table, stable or radioactive, making it an ideal candidate. The provided conceptual experiment discusses the facility requirements, salt capsule design, and detailed testing campaigns with corresponding simulated LIBS spectra.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 90%

Concept for an irradiation experiment to test a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy off-gas sensor for molten salt systems

2023

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“…89 Naoi et al 90 determined the transition probability of the previously unreported Er II 393.863 nm line, by applying its intensity to the linear function obtained in the Boltzmann plot, to be 1.2(2) × 10 7 s −1 . Irvine et al 91 evaluated previously unreported transition probabilities for five Eu I and three Eu II lines, ranging from 0.172 to 7.38 × 10 7 s −1 and from 1.56 to 6.75 × 10 7 s −1 respectively.…”

Section: Instrumentation Fundamentals and Chemometricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques

Evans

Pisonero

Smith

et al. 2023

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…Much of the LIBS research for reprocessing applications has included measurements of lanthanide fission products and impurities. 300,[307][308][309][310][311][312][313] LIBS spectra of lanthanides typically exhibit thousands of emission lines, which provide a wealth of possible lines to choose from but also generate significant spectral interference issues due to the substantial broadening of these closely spaced lines characterizing the LA plasma. Many studies have focused on measuring several lanthanides simultaneously to identify key peaks of interest that exhibit minimal spectral interference.…”

Section: Used Nuclear Fuel Disposal and Reprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have also focused on estimating lanthanide and actinide transition probabilities to enable calibration-free-LIBS and Saha–Boltzmann measurements for these species where traditional calibrations may be hindered by lack of available materials. 310,311,314 For many aqueous reprocessing applications, the direct measurements of liquids are a key interest. 312,313 Ruas et al 313 demonstrated the use of a liquid jet configuration to measure Zr in solutions with limits of detection of 4 mg/L.…”

Section: Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Libs) Throughout the Nfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

Kwapis,

Borrero,

Latty

et al. 2023

Appl Spectrosc

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The development of measurement methodologies to detect and monitor nuclear-relevant materials remains a consistent and significant interest across the nuclear energy, nonproliferation, safeguards, and forensics communities. Optical spectroscopy of laser-produced plasmas is becoming an increasingly popular diagnostic technique to measure radiological and nuclear materials in the field without sample preparation, where current capabilities encompass the standoff, isotopically resolved and phase-identifiable (e.g., UO and UO[Formula: see text]) detection of elements across the periodic table. These methods rely on the process of laser ablation (LA), where a high-powered pulsed laser is used to excite a sample (solid, liquid, or gas) into a luminous microplasma that rapidly undergoes de-excitation through the emission of electromagnetic radiation, which serves as a spectroscopic fingerprint for that sample. This review focuses on LA plasmas and spectroscopy for nuclear applications, covering topics from the wide-area environmental sampling and atmospheric sensing of radionuclides to recent implementations of multivariate machine learning methods that work to enable the real-time analysis of spectrochemical measurements with an emphasis on fundamental research and development activities over the past two decades. Background on the physical breakdown mechanisms and interactions of matter with nanosecond and ultrafast laser pulses that lead to the generation of laser-produced microplasmas is provided, followed by a description of the transient spatiotemporal plasma conditions that control the behavior of spectroscopic signatures recorded by analytical methods in atomic and molecular spectroscopy. High-temperature chemical and thermodynamic processes governing reactive LA plasmas are also examined alongside investigations into the condensation pathways of the plasma, which are believed to serve as chemical surrogates for fallout particles formed in nuclear fireballs. Laser-supported absorption waves and laser-induced shockwaves that accompany LA plasmas are also discussed, which could provide insights into atmospheric ionization phenomena from strong shocks following nuclear detonations. Furthermore, the standoff detection of trace radioactive aerosols and fission gases is reviewed in the context of monitoring atmospheric radiation plumes and off-gas streams of molten salt reactors. Finally, concluding remarks will present future outlooks on the role of LA plasma spectroscopy in the nuclear community.

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Radiative transition probabilities of neutral and singly ionized Europium estimated by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Concept for an irradiation experiment to test a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy off-gas sensor for molten salt systems

Concept for an irradiation experiment to test a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy off-gas sensor for molten salt systems

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques

Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

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