Radical-radical rotaxanes with tetracationic cyclophane ring, and quaternary azaaromatic rotaxanes with cage macrocycles

Abstract

The review consists of two parts. In the first part the radical-radical quaternary azaaromatic rotaxanes containing tetracationic cyclophane ring are described, and in the second part rotaxanes built from quaternary azaaromatic threads and cage macrocycles, such as cyclodextrins, calixarenes, pillararenes and cucurbiturils are presented. The species described here are discussed as regards their properties and possible applications.

Calixarenes containing modified meso bridges

“…29,30 Attention should be paid also to pillararenes, a new class of cage macrocycles interesting for their receptor properties, and liquid crystals. 40 The present paper is a continuation of our earlier review on calixarenes functionalized at meso positions, 41 as well as of other papers dealing with rotaxanes containing calixarene macrocycles as rings, 22 functionalized calixarenes, 42 covalently and noncovalently bound assemblies of calixarenes 43 and calixarene complexes with metal ions; 44,45 calixarenes and resorcinarenes were described in ref. 30.…”

“…18 All macrocycles of this family are useful in the field of supramolecular chemistry for formation of inclusion complexes 1,[19][20][21] and rotaxanes in which they serve as rings. [22][23][24][25] One should note also heteracalixarenes, i.e. thia-, aza-and homooxa-calixarenes containing S, N and O heteroatoms in their structures, [26][27][28] .…”