1973
DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(73)90042-1
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Radio Astronomy Explorer (RAE)—I. Observations of terrestrial radio noise

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Cited by 36 publications
(27 citation statements)
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“…Lightning is a key indicator of planetary atmospheric electricity which can be remotely sensed. For example, at Earth, VLF signals propagating in the surface-ionosphere waveguide allow location of lightning events, and high frequency "sferic" (>3 MHz) emissions can be detected by Earth-orbiting spacecraft (Herman et al 1973). Global circuits may prevail on a number of solar system bodies including Mars (Aplin 2006;.…”
Section: Atmospheric Electricity On Marsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lightning is a key indicator of planetary atmospheric electricity which can be remotely sensed. For example, at Earth, VLF signals propagating in the surface-ionosphere waveguide allow location of lightning events, and high frequency "sferic" (>3 MHz) emissions can be detected by Earth-orbiting spacecraft (Herman et al 1973). Global circuits may prevail on a number of solar system bodies including Mars (Aplin 2006;.…”
Section: Atmospheric Electricity On Marsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The authors suggest that these changes in the local ionospheric plasma are caused by the appearance of the Alfven turbulence and the formation of the local magnetospheric current system. The HF diagnostic performed by Radio Astronomy Explorer (RAE)-I, positioned at a high altitude in 1968 discovered interesting noise environmental characteristics of terrestrial origin (Herman et al, 1973). Observations of HF emission in the topside ionosphere from the of low orbiting satellites: INTERCOSMOS-19; COS-MOS-1809, ACTIVE and APEX, reveal the same features, i.e., a significant increase in emission intensity over the populated areas of Europe and Asia.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…BecaUSe the frequencies utilized for thunderstorm detection are in the lower part of the HF band, the propagation effects of the ionosph6re on radio noise propagating from the earth's surface must be taken into account. In a previous paper [Herman et al, 1973] For foFz = 0 (i.e., rio ionosphere) the roots of (1) are imaginary; atf0Fz = 0.292f, L = 6500 km, which is the distance to th.e satellite horizon. Thus (when reftaction and absorption are neglected) for foFa < 0.292f there is no shielding by the ionosphere, and RAE 1 can detect sources out to its horizon.…”
Section: Methods Of Analysismentioning
confidence: 90%