Radioactivity of the soil in Vojvodina (northern province of Serbia and Montenegro)

Environmental radioactivity in southern Serbia at locations where depleted uranium was used

“…The results of measurements of gamma emitters (mean activity concentrations) in soil samples collected at different locations in southern Serbia are presented in Table 1 137 Cs, which has a generally negative impact on the environment, was identified in all of the samples and these values were in good agreement with those obtained in other regional studies (8,19,20 Th, and 40 K, radium equivalent activity, gamma dose rate, external hazard index and annual effective dose are calculated and presented in Table 2. The radium equivalent activity values for the soil samples varied from 60 to 260 Bq kg −1 .…”

“…The results of gamma spectrometric measurements of soil samples showed that the radioactivity levels in samples were similar to values characteristic for other locations in world where depleted uranium had not been used (8,19,20,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29).…”

The Natural Radionuclides in Soils of Subotica (Serbia): Distribution and Corresponding Gamma Dose Rates

“…The territory of Serbia includes a great variety of rock complexes (magmatic, sedimentary, metamorphic) which are markedly different in age, genesis, mineral content, petrochemical and geochemical characteristics and thus in the content of radionuclides. The activity concentrations of analyzed radionuclides are similar to those obtained nearby Palic (310 Bq/kg for 40 K, 19.9 Bq/kg for 226 Ra and 23.5 Bq/kg for 232 Th) [13] Activity concentrations of analyzed radionuclides in soil are lower than those reported for the neighboring Hungary { 40 K (97-701) Bq/kg, 226 Ra (17-93) Bq/kg and 232 Th (15-55) Bq/kg} [2].They are of the same order of magnitude as activity concentrations in the soil of Csongrad, the city in Southeast Hungary (about 130 km far from Subotica) with similar geological substrate { 40 K (276-453) Bq/kg, 226 Ra (14-44) Bq/kg, 232 Th (14-35) Bq/kg} [14].…”

“…Absorbed gamma dose rates in cities from different parts of the world compared with those obtained in the present study City D (nGy h -1 ) Bangalore, India [15] 117 (61-202) Csongrad, Hungary [14] 38 Debrecen, Hungary [14] 24 Faisalabad, Pakistan [16] 73 (62-79) Istanbul, Turkey [17] 49 (15-71) Palic, Serbia [13] Horgos, Serbia [13] Belgrade, Serbia [18] Alkharje, Saudi Arabia [19] 36 32 60 (25-90) 24 (15-30) Tafila, Jordan [20] 40(22-63) Tripoli, Libya [21] 23 (20-24) Windhoek, Namibia [22] 56 (41-70) Zacatecas, Mexico [23] 45 (28-67) Zahedan, Iran [24] Subotica,this study 158 (16-300) 32 It can be seen that the mean value of the gamma dose rate observed in the present study (32 nGy h -1 ) lies within the values reported worldwide. It is comparable with those reported for the cities of Palic and Horgos [13], which are close to Subotica. The obtained results were similar to cities that have a dominant sandy soil composition, such as Alkharje, Saudi Arabia [19] and Tripoli, Libya [21].…”

The activity concentration of post-Chernobyl 137Cs in the area of the Opole Anomaly (southern Poland)

“…Studies were carried out in countries including Belarus (Knatko et al 1996), Chile (Schuller et al 2000), Israel (Lavi et al 2006), Japan (Takenaka et al 1998), Jordan (Hamarneh et al 2003), Canada (Blagoeva and Zikovsky 1995), Mexico (Gaso et al 1998), Germany (Schimmack et al 1997), Poland (Jagielak et al 1997), Russia (Strand et al 1999), Serbia and Montenegro (Bikit et al 2005), Switzerland (Riesen et al 1999), Sweden (Melin et al 1994) and Italy (Giovani et al 1994).…”