Radiofrequency exposure assessment of baby surveillance devices in the frequency range 400 MHz–2.45 GHz

Vermeeren, Günter; Joseph, Wout; Martens, Luc

doi:10.1002/bem.22113

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They consist of a parent unit and a baby unit, which is placed close to the baby or animal. Although a baby monitor allows bidirectional communication, it is mainly a unidirectional device from the baby unit to the parent unit [ 34 ]. Characteristic parameters, such as frequencies, duty factors, the field strength, and the SAR , are summarised in Table 6 .…”

Section: Exposure and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Devices for Pets: Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields

Klune

Arhant

Windschnurer

et al. 2021

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Every year, approximately 3% of cats and dogs are lost. In addition to passive methods for identifying pets, radiofrequency tracking devices (TDs) are available. These TDs can track a pet’s geographic position, which is transmitted by radio frequencies. The health risk to the animals from continuous exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) was reviewed. Fourteen out of twenty-one commercially available TDs use 2G, 3G, or 4G mobile networks, and the others work with public frequencies, WLAN, Bluetooth, etc. The exposure of pets to RF-EMFs was assessed, including ambient exposure (radios, TVs, and base stations of mobile networks), exposure from indoor devices (DECT, WLAN, Bluetooth, etc.), and the exposure from TDs. The exposure levels of the three areas were found to be distinctly below the International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reference levels, which assure far-reaching protection from adverse health effects. The highest uncertainty regarding the exposure of pets was related to that caused by indoor RF-emitting devices using WLAN and DECT. This exposure can be limited considerably through a reduction in the exposure time and an increase in the distance between the animal and the RF-emitting device. Even though the total RF-EMF exposure level experienced by pets was found to be below the reference limits, recommendations were derived to reduce potential risks from exposure to TDs and indoor devices.

show abstract

Section: Exposure and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Devices for Pets: Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields

Klune

Arhant

Windschnurer

et al. 2021

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Constraints on transmitted power and on the electrical and magnetic field strength due to transmission exist currently in documents prepared and published by several international standards organizations [1,2,3,4]. Some of these regulations are explicitly formulated for the purpose of avoiding possible harmful effects on health [5,6], and others are formulated as technical restrictions on the use of electromagnetic spectrum, for communication [7], without explicitly acknowledging the potential for harm to be caused.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral density constraints on wireless communication

Alhasnawi

Abdulla

Fatseas

et al. 2020

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental exposure to man-made electromagnetic field (EMF) has been rising as modern technologies have grown and changes in social behavior have generated more synthetic sources. For safety of human health, EMF levels need to be regulated. The level of EMF should be well below levels where there might be harm, hence we do not expect to see any health effects at these levels. Current regulations fail to place a strict limit on EMF in situations where multiple nearby devices transmit simultaneously. The way these regulations are expressed needs great care because it will have an effect on the design of wireless communication systems. In this paper, it is argued that transmitted power constraints on wireless communication devices should be expressed in a different way, namely that devices should limit the EMF spectral density that they generate to the difference between the maximum allowed, by the standard, and the amount currently present, as measured by the device, in the spectral region where it is active. Note that the limit on EMF should be expressed in terms of its EMF spectral density rather than as a total EMF over each of a series of separate bands. If all devices limit their own EMF spectral density, in the spectral region where they are active, in such a way that total EMF spectral density is below the regulated limit in that region, then it is certain that the aggregate EMF spectral density will be below the regulated limit at all frequencies.

show abstract

Radiofrequency exposure assessment of baby surveillance devices in the frequency range 400 MHz–2.45 GHz

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Tracking Devices for Pets: Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields

Tracking Devices for Pets: Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields

Spectral density constraints on wireless communication

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About