RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE THORAX AND ABDOMEN OF THE COMMON MARMOSET (CALLITHRIX JACCHUS)

Abstract

A standard radiographic procedure was developed for the thorax and abdomen in the common marmoset. A description and reference values for the corresponding radiographic anatomy are given. Radiographs were obtained from 17 anaesthetized healthy mature marmosets ranging from 1.5 to 9 years and 328 to 506 g. Left-to-right lateral recumbent and ventrodorsal whole-body radiographs made at end inspiration are recommended. Images of the heart, lungs, liver, gastric axis, and at least one kidney could be evaluated consistently. A generalized interstitial/peribronchial pattern was normally present. The mean of the vertebral heart size +/- SD on dorsoventral or ventrodorsal views was 9.42 (+/- 0.44), ranging from 8.8 to 10.6. Abdominal detail was generally poor. The gastrointestinal structures could often only be identified because of their luminal gas. The right liver lobes were prominent and extended caudally beyond the costal arch. The pylorus was in a central position and the spleen could not be distinguished. Additionally, pancreas, lymph nodes, urinary bladder, and ureters were not identified. A statistically significant difference (P < or = 0.05) between female and male kidney length existed. This study emphasizes that significant species differences exist, and simply applying canine or feline radiographic interpretation will result in misinterpretation.

Thoracic and heart biometrics of non-anesthetized agouti (Dasyprocta primnolopha Wagler, 1831) measured on radiographic images

“…This value was also lower than the VHS measured for the tamarin (9.42±0.44v) (Wagner & Kirberger 2005), porcupine (Black et al 2011) and bat (9.7±0.5v) (Gardner et al, 2007), but greater than that observed in ferrets (5.39±0.45 -LL projection) (Onuma et al 2009). The AB/H and CD/H ratios were studied in bats (Gardner 2007) and the AB/CD ratio in the porcupine (Black et al 2011).…”

Establishment of Vertebral Heart Scale in the Growth Period of the Japanese Macaque (Macaca fuscata)

“…Except dog and cat, a similar standardize study has been reported for ferrets (mean, 5.27v) [8]. However, no studies have examined monkey VHS other than in the common marmoset (mean  SD: 9.42  0.44) [10].…”

“…Furthermore, VHS is known to be increased in coughing dogs compared with non-coughing dogs [2]. In non human primates, only one report has described VHS in the common marmoset (9.42  0.44v) [10]. In this study, we investigated normal VHS as a reference in the growth period of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata).…”

Cardiothoracic ratio and vertebral heart size (VHS) to standardize the heart size of the tufted capuchin (Cebus apella Linnaeus, 1758) in computerized radiographic images

“…For nonhuman primates the values of 9.42±0.44v have been suggested for Callithrix jacchus (Wagner & Kirberger 2005), 10.7±0.69v for Aotus spp. (Knowlen et al 2013), 9.63±0.0.45v for Chlorocebus sabaeus (Young et al 2013) and 9.12±0.63v for Cebus apella (Alves et al 2012).…”

“…Although innumerable studies have been designed to establish both the assessment criteria and the definition of the morphometric parameters for several monkey species, such as Macaca nigra and Macaca tonkeana (Schillaci et al 2009(Schillaci et al ,2010, Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis (Schillaci et al 2010), Callithrix jacchus (Wagner & Kirberger 2005) and the Rhesus monkey, only one study was found in the literature on the morphological aspects of the thoracic cavity in the tufted capuchin (Alves et al 2012).…”