Radiographic Imaging in Urinary Tract Disease

Feeney, Daniel A.; Anderson, Kathryn

doi:10.1002/9781118785546.ch15

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Ultrasonography (Figure 2) or double contrast cystography can be used to detect uroliths (including those that are radiolucent). 2 As well as detecting the presence of uroliths, abdominal imaging is used to verify their location, number, size, shape and density.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Urolithiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis

Bartges

2016

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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In order to develop rational and effective approaches to treatment, abnormalities that promote urolith formation must be identified, with the goal of eliminating or modifying them. It is important, therefore, to understand several basic concepts associated with urolithiasis and the factors that promote urolith formation that may be modified with medical treatment; for example, the state of urinary saturation, modifiers of crystal formation, potential for multiple crystal types, and presence of bacterial infection or urinary obstruction.

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Section: Diagnosis Of Urolithiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis

Bartges

2016

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…22 Conditions that compromise overall renal function, such as glomerulonephritis and end-stage kidney, tend to have poor but prompt nephrographic opacity with slow fading. 22 Acute obstructive disease may have fair and prompt nephrographic opaciication with delayed fading while chronic obstructions may have very delayed and poor nephrographic opacity. 22 Care should be taken not to overinterpret renal function based on EU studies when a complete ureteral obstruction is present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 Acute obstructive disease may have fair and prompt nephrographic opaciication with delayed fading while chronic obstructions may have very delayed and poor nephrographic opacity. 22 Care should be taken not to overinterpret renal function based on EU studies when a complete ureteral obstruction is present. Excessive backpressure from a ureteral obstruction will result in decreased glomerular iltration rate (GFR) and therefore reduced positive contrast within the collecting system, leading to an underestimated renal function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of digital fluoroscopic excretory urography in healthy New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

et al. 2018

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Disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract are relatively common in rabbits. Survey radiographs and abdominal ultrasound have inherent limitations in the evaluation of the urinary tract in this species; because of that, contrast study modalities are a valuable diagnostic tool in rabbits with urinary disorders. The aims of this study were to describe digital fluoroscopic excretory urography (DFEU) and to determine the urogram phases in healthy New Zealand rabbits. The median time of beginning of the nephrographic and pyelographic phases was 10 seconds (IQR: 10-12 seconds) and 1.39 minutes (IQR: 1.27-1.60 minutes). The median time in which the contrast medium was visible in the urinary bladder was 1.58 minutes (IQR: 1.44-1.72 minutes). Results of this study indicate that DFEU provides a good degree of opacification of the kidneys as well as the ureters, and allows the evaluation of the urogram phases. Text not justifed in the proof version.

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“…Common presenting clinical signs of bladder trauma are associated with uroperitoneum including azotemia, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, hyperphosphatemia, and metabolic acidosis (Gannon and Moses, 2002;Rieser, 2005) Abdominocentesis is necessary to definitively diagnose uroabdomen (Sura, 2011). Although different imaging techniques including retrograde cystography (urethrocystography) (Sandler et al, 1998;Feeney and Anderson, 2011), cystoscopy (Gilmour et al, 1999;Byron and Chew, 2011), ultrasonography (Bigongiari and Zarnow, 1994;Helling and Wilson, 2007;Hecht and Henry, 2011), computed tomography, angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging (Ben-Menachem et al, 1991), excretory urography (Werkman et al, 1991;MacLeod and Wisner, 2011) as well as surgical exploration (Allen et al, 2001) are employed as diagnostic tools.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the standard and most accurate diagnostic procedure for detecting bladder rupture is the retrograde cystography (urethrocystography) (Baniel and Shein, 1994;Sandler et al, 1998;McLoughlin, 2000;Feeney and Anderson, 2011) with accuracy rate of 85 to 100% (Sandler et al, 1998;Deck et al, 2000) and it is usually made easily on cystography when the injected contrast is identified outside the bladder (Lynch et al, 2003). In a study of experimental urinary tract rupture in 14 dogs, contrast cystography diagnosed 100% of cases (Burrows and Bovee, 1974).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic urinary bladder injuries in small animals

Muhammad¹,

Cheh²,

Adamu³

et al. 2015

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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Traumatic urinary bladder injuries in the recent times are considered to be of great importance in veterinary medicine, as they can lead to significant morbidity and subsequent mortality when diagnosed late or left untreated. However, the true incidence rates, absolute treatment recommendations and prognoses of lower urinary tract traumas are not available in literatures as the majority of specific information regarding lower urinary tract injuries in small animals exist as isolated case reports or small case series. Urologists may only encounter traumatic bladder injuries in their practice, because of the current modernization and human activities leading to increase in occurrence of the injuries. This paper reviews mainly the literatures and reports on the causes, clinical signs, diagnosis and management of traumatic urinary bladder injuries (blunt, penetrating and iatrogenic bladder traumas) to assist clinicians in this specialty. History, presenting clinical signs and laboratory evaluations are the diagnostic tools of bladder injuries and in predicting prognosis when treated. Despite presentation with nonspecific signs, haematuria and abdominal tenderness are the most common clinical signs of bladder rupture in animals. Early diagnosis and repair of bladder rupture offers good prognosis. Management of these conditions may require either solely medical or surgical intervention, while others will require a combined management intervention.

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Radiographic Imaging in Urinary Tract Disease

Cited by 9 publications

References 80 publications

Feline Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis

Feline Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis

Description of digital fluoroscopic excretory urography in healthy New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Traumatic urinary bladder injuries in small animals

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