Radiological and chemical assessment of phosphate rocks in some countries

Çevik, U.; Baltaş, Hasan; Tabak, Ahmet Fatih; Damla, N.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.064

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A common radiological index, the radium equivalent activity (Ra eq ), which therefore, compare the activity concentrations of the above three radionuclides and their associated radiation hazards, has been defined. This definition is consequent upon an assumption that 370 Bqkg K produce the same gamma dose rate (Abbady, 2005;Cevik et al, 2010;Saueia et al, 2005). Ra eq is calculated using the equation (Beretka and Mathew, 1985;Yu et al, 1992):…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The obtained background was used to correct the net peak area of gamma rays of measured radionuclides (Uosif and El-Taher, 2008). The activity concentrations were computed using the equation (Cevik et al, 2010;Khandakeret al, 2012):…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphate rocks, which can be of sedimentary, volcanic or biological origin (Sam and Holm, 1995), generally refer to rocks with high concentration of phosphate minerals (Cevik et al, 2010). Phosphate rocks are the starting raw material for all phosphate products and fertilizer production (Khater et al, 2001;Ogunleye et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abbady et al (2005), studied the natural radioactivity and dose assessment for phosphate rocks from Wadi El-Mashash and El-Mahamid Mines in Egypt. Cevik et al (2010), reported the radiological, structural and chemical characteristics of Mardin-Mazidagi phosphate rock in Turkey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural radioactivity and environmental risk assessment of Sokoto phosphate rock, Northwest Nigeria

Kolo¹

2014

Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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, and 315.3±6.7 Bqkg -1 respectively. Contributions from radium contents to the overall radionuclide activity concentrations were quite significant. The calculated mean value of the absorbed dose rate was found to be 3.6 times the maximum value for the world background level, which shows the severity of radiation risk the public is exposed to in the study areas. The computed values for radiation hazard indices were above the world's proposed safety limits by UNSCEAR, which place the study areas among high background radiation zones. Some restrictive measures and precautionary actions are therefore obligatory for the local farmers and the general public from the view point of radiation protection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural radioactivity and environmental risk assessment of Sokoto phosphate rock, Northwest Nigeria

Kolo¹

2014

Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The phosphate rock is used to manufacture phosphate fertilizers and industrial products and, also the only significant global resource of phosphorus used in animal feed supplements, food preservatives, anti-corrosion agents, cosmetics, fungicides, ceramics, water treatment and metallurgy [2]. The rock is composed essentially of the apatite group in association with a wide assortment of accessory minerals mainly fluorides, carbonates (calcite and/or dolomite), clays, quartz, silicates, metal oxides as well as organic matters and trace impurities such as U, REEs (rare earth elements), Cd, As, V, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, etc., which can be harmful for several application at certain concentration [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Gettering Process on the Improvement of the Structural and Mineralogical Properties of Tunisian Phosphate Rock

Daik¹,

Lajnef²

2016

J Material Sci Eng

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The present study deals with the effects of gettering process on the structural and mineralogical composition of Tunisian phosphate rock. The treated samples were characterized to investigate the variation of physical structure and chemical composition as compared to the reference phosphate rock. The quantitative analysis of the impurities concentration before and after gettering treatment using energy-dispersive (EDX) reveals a significant reduction of impurity concentration (more than 75%) such as Al, Si, S, Na, and Mg. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that gettering process promoted structural alterations of phosphate rock sample due to fusion of impurities. The XRD patterns show that the chief mineral constituent of treated sample is only fluorapatite, while those in the reference ore were calcite, dolomite, quartz and carbonate-fluorapatite. FT-IR characterization show a disappearance of the bands related to calcite at 714 cm -1 as well as B carbonate situated at 1430 cm -1 , 1458 cm -1 after gettering treatment. This result is in good correlation with Raman analysis.

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Trace Element Contaminants and Radioactivity from Phosphate Fertiliser

Taylor

Kim

Smidt

et al. 2016

Phosphorus in Agriculture: 100 % Zero

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A risk ranking model was developed to provide a systematic evaluation of the range and quantity of 28 elemental contaminants applied to land in New Zealand and applied to mineral P fertilisers. The methodology is transparent, flexible and robust and allows contamination issues to be ranked according to their real or potential impact. The quantitative ranking model is based on the relative importance of each element in relation to accumulation in soil, transfer to water or uptake by plants, toxicity to soil organisms, plants and people, and the contribution of any radioactive isotopes. The highest risk score for potential environmental significance of P fertiliser borne trace element contaminants was found for uranium, followed (in decreasing order) by cadmium, mercury, boron, fluoride, selenium, arsenic, silver and rare earth elements. The lowest score (rank 28) was attributed to strontium.

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Radiological and chemical assessment of phosphate rocks in some countries

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Natural radioactivity and environmental risk assessment of Sokoto phosphate rock, Northwest Nigeria

Natural radioactivity and environmental risk assessment of Sokoto phosphate rock, Northwest Nigeria

Application of Gettering Process on the Improvement of the Structural and Mineralogical Properties of Tunisian Phosphate Rock

Trace Element Contaminants and Radioactivity from Phosphate Fertiliser

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