Radiological maps for Trabzon, Turkey

Natural and artificial radioactivity levels and hazards of soils in the Kücük Menderes Basin, Turkey

“…The average D value was calculated as 65, 60.9, 59, 56.8 nGy/h, in Istanbul (Karahan and Bayulken 2000), in Sanlıurfa (Bozkurt et al 2007), in Trabzon (Kurnaz et al 2011), in Bakırcay (western Turkey) (Saç et al 2012), respectively. These average values in general are similar to our result.…”

“…Terrestrial gamma rays are essentially due to radionuclides belonging to uranium-238 ( 238 U) and thorium-232 ( 232 Th) series and singly occurring potassium-40 ( 40 K) that are present in the earth's crust (Murty and Karunakara 2008). Artificial radionuclides can also be present like Caesium-137 ( 137 Cs) is a fission product which is formed through nuclear weapon tests and nuclear power plant accidents (Kurnaz et al 2011).…”

Determination of natural radioactivity and estimation of radiation hazard in cultivated soil samples in El-Minia governorate (Upper Egypt)

“…Terrestrial gamma rays are essentially due to radionuclides belonging to uranium-238 ( 238 U) and thorium-232 ( 232 Th) series and singly occurring potassium-40 ( 40 K) that are present in the earth's crust [3]. Artificial radionuclides can also be present like Caesium-137 ( 137 Cs) is a fission product which is formed through nuclear weapon tests and nuclear power plant accidents [4]. Distributions of 238 U, 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K in soils depend on the radionuclide distribution in rocks from which they originate and on the processes through which the soils are concentrated [5].…”

Radioactive investigation of NORM samples from Southern Kuwait soil using high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

“…Exposure to natural radiation has been found to depend on the geological and geographical settings of an area and thus different radioactivity concentration levels exists for different soil types (Montes et al, 2012). Natural radiation measurements are regularly carried out to determine among other things, any change in exposure levels and detect any anthropogenic related activities and/or contamination, with a view to protect the human population and surrounding environment (Senthilkumar et al, 2010;Kurnaz et al, 2011;Abd El-mageed et al, 2011;Duranni and Radmomir, 1997). The study contributes to the monitoring framework and reference standard for regulatory controls, taking into account information on doses and associated radiological hazards measured from samples from the Southern part of Kuwait.…”