Radiolysis and corrosion of238Pu-doped UO2 pellets in chloride brine

Kelm, M.; Bohnert, E.

doi:10.1007/bf02708862

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The G (H 2 ) values we use in our calculations provide a minimum estimate of H 2 production because specific minerals ( e.g. , Kumagai et al , 2013 ) and/or brines (Kelm and Bohnert, 2004 ; Kumagai et al , 2013 ) can increase H 2 yields. In Section 3.4, we further discuss potential effects of minerals and brine on G -values and H 2 production rates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiolytic H₂Production in Martian Environments

2018

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Hydrogen, produced by water radiolysis, has been suggested to support microbial communities on Mars. We quantitatively assess the potential magnitude of radiolytic H2 production in wet martian environments (the ancient surface and the present subsurface) based on the radionuclide compositions of (1) eight proposed Mars 2020 landing sites, and (2) three sites that individually yield the highest or lowest calculated radiolytic H2 production rates on Mars. For the proposed landing sites, calculated H2 production rates vary by a factor of ∼1.6, while the three comparison sites differ by a factor of ∼6. Rates in wet martian sediment and microfractured rock are comparable with rates in terrestrial environments that harbor low concentrations of microbial life (e.g., subseafloor basalt). Calculated H2 production rates for low-porosity (<35%), fine-grained martian sediment (0.12–1.2 nM/year) are mostly higher than rates for South Pacific subseafloor basalt (∼0.02–0.6 nM/year). Production rates in martian high-porosity sediment (>35%) and microfractured (1 μm) hard rock (0.03 to <0.71 nM/year) are generally similar to rates in South Pacific basalt, while yields for larger martian fractures (1 and 10 cm) are one to two orders of magnitude lower (<0.01 nM/year). If minerals or brine that amplify radiolytic H2 production rates are present, H2 yields exceed the calculated rates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiolytic H₂Production in Martian Environments

2018

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“…To study such radiolytic effects, 5 M NaCl solution was irradiated in the presence of UO 2 pellets with particles from 238Pu under exclusion of air (Kelm et al, 2002). To identify the best practicable alternatives of treating and disposing of radioactive liquid waste that could evaporate, the authorization required the conduct of a best practicable environmental option (BPEO) study.…”

Section: Decontamination and Decommissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactive Wastes

Bai¹,

Gang²,

Deng³

2003

Water Environment Research

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Papers reviewed herein present a general overview of radioactive waste activities around the world in 2002. These include management solutions for the final disposal of low, intermediate, and high level wastes (LLW, ILW, HLW), interim storage and final disposal options for spent fuel, and disposal of excess weapons plutonium (Pu), with a focus on environmental impacts due to the mobility of radionuclides in water (e. g., associated with reprocessing plant discharges to seawater, repository waste interactions with ground and surface water, and buried waste interactions with pore water). REPOSITORIES AND DISPOSALIn the United States, the Yucca Mountain site, Nevada, i.e., the proposed highlevel radioactive waste disposal repository, continued to be focuses of many studies. Hydrological flow and down gradient dilution and dispersion of radionuclides were examined in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain (Paces et al., 2002). The results demonstrated that large variations in both U concentrations (commonly 0.6-10 µg/L) and 234 U/ 238 U activity ratios (commonly 1.5-6) existed on both local and regional scales; however, ground water samples from Yucca

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“…UðVIÞ surf þ Red The radioactivity of the spent nuclear fuel material will induce radiolysis of the surrounding water. During this process, short lived intermediate species (radicals), as well as H 2 O 2 , O 2 , and H 2 are produced and subsequently locally oxidizing conditions can be established, thus leading to enhanced dissolution of the matrix [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%