Radish Cultivars Bred at Vniissok and Their Use

Федорова, М. А.; Заячковская, Т. В.

doi:10.18619/2072-9146-2016-3-54-61

Ovoŝi Ross.

2016

DOI: 10.18619/2072-9146-2016-3-54-61

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Radish Cultivars Bred at Vniissok and Their Use

М. А. Федорова¹,

Т. В. Заячковская²

Abstract: н а у ч н о п р а к т и ч е с к и й ж у р н а л [ 54 ] о в о щ и р о с с и и № 3 (3 2) 2 0 1 6 ОВОЩЕВОДСТВО О беспечение полноценным питанием населения России отечественными сельскохозяйственными продуктами, в том числе и овощами является главной составляющей программы «здоровье нации». Большое количество аминокислот, витаминов, минеральных солей, биологически активных веществ обуславливает незаменимость овощей для правильного полноценного питания человека. В связи с этим их производство должно быть непрерывны… Show more

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Study of the Raphanus Sativus L. (Small Radish) Biodiversity Under Conditions of Intensive Light-Culture and Identification of Donors of Economically Luable Characters for Breeding

Синявина¹,

Кочетов²,

Мирская³

et al. 2018

Ovoŝi Ross.

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Supply of the domestic fresh vegetables commodity to the population of Northern regions of Russia is one of the most priority tasks of the national economy. Lack of the local, high-quality and adopted breeding material is highly problematic for breeding programs. Generation of the new, highly productive vegetable cultivars for the glass-covered ground, including light culture, will promote to expand significantly the volume of local production of vegetables in protected ground, especially in regions with a cold climate. One of the most prospective crops for protected ground is small radish, an early ripening crop with a valuable biochemical composition. А strategy for creation of the new, highly productive forms of small radish, beard predictable complex of economically valuable characters for growing in conditions of intensive light culture, has been developed in the Agrophysical Research Institute (SaintPetersburg). At the first stage, represent interspecific set of 26 small radish cultivars from different regions, was investigated in controlled conditions (artificial light, climate cell) to reveal a complex of economically valuable properties (early maturity, productivity, morphological traits). The plants were grown in original plant grooving light equipment (lamps DNaZ-400, photoperiod 12 hours, irradiation 15-20 klk), in a small volume of substrate (peat with mineral additives). It was observed that the small radish varieties have significant diversity in precocity, productivity, resistance to bolting, also they vary in a number of morphological features of roots and leaves. Bov, Estella, Rocco (Netherlands), Nobo Chind Criollo (Peru) were the most productive cultivars. They can produce yield of commercial roots during 30 days of vegetation up to 3.5 kg/m2. In addition, cultivars – genetic resources of economically valuable properties (compact rosette, glabrous leaf, resistance to bolting) were revealed for a breeding. Parent pairs for crossing were selected. It is planned to obtain offspring small radish forms with a complex of economically valuable properties, more productive than the parents. In all matched hybrid combinations, F1 hybrids were obtained. They have a degree of hybrid superiority in roots weight from 110 to 230% over the best of the parent form. They will become the ancestors of the original forms of small radish, intended for cultivation in conditions of intense light culture.

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Study of the Raphanus Sativus L. (Small Radish) Biodiversity Under Conditions of Intensive Light-Culture and Identification of Donors of Economically Luable Characters for Breeding

Синявина¹,

Кочетов²,

Мирская³

et al. 2018

Ovoŝi Ross.

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Small Radish for Light Culture: Challenges and Prospects

et al. 2019

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Intense light culture, the most impotent part of a regulated agroecosystem, makes it possible to produce high quality plant products all year round in any region of the world in close proximity to the consumer. It is most economically viable to use light culture for growing vegetables in the Far North, where there is an acute shortage of fresh vegetables and vitamins. Our studies of the range of different vegetable crops have shown that when using artificial lighting and low-volume cultivation technologies, many plant species and varieties have low productivity, low adaptability to the relevant conditions, and therefore unprofitable for mass production. To expand the range of vegetable products intended for cultivation in the light culture, it is necessary to do a massive screening of the varieties and hybrids of various crops available in the world assortment with the aim of selecting the best and also purposeful breeding of new forms and varieties maximally adapted to the appropriate cultivation technologies. The purpose of this work was to create new forms of small radish for light culture, having the necessary complex of economically valuable characters. The use of the previously developed methodology of predicting transgressions for economically valuable plant traits allowed us to obtain new promising forms of radish with using purposeful hybridization and subsequent stabilizing selection. Their characteristics are high productivity and early maturity (ripeness to harvesting for 21-25 days from seeding), the ability to produce marketable yield of roots in a small volume of root medium, resistance to bolting at higher temperatures. A number of the obtained forms also has a compact rosette of leaves and an almost glabrous leaf of the salad type. Marketable productivity of new forms of radish in intense light culture conditions reaches 5,5 kg/m2 (for hybrids F1) and 4 kg/m2 for stable lines, which is twice or more than the productivity of the parental cultivars and one and a half times more than the best in productivity cultivars that were tasted in light culture.

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Prospects for the use of a multi-tier narrow-stack installation in the selection of European radish

et al. 2021

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Relevance. Growing European radishes in protected soil on hydroponics provides year-round fresh vitamin production. For the autumn-winter turnover shade-tolerant varieties with a short growing season are necessary. For the spring-summer turnover, the resistance of the variety to high temperatures and premature stem formation is of particular importance. Selection of targeted radish varieties is an energy-consuming process, which can be optimized by using an open-type multi-tier narrow-stack hydroponics installation with a different combination of limiting factors for tiers (light, heat).Methods and results. In Federal Scientific Vegetable Center radish varieties were tested in different conditions. The informativeness of the tiers on the installation as backgrounds for selection for adaptability and specificity is determined. It was found that the assessment and selection of productivity and large-fruited is effectively carried out on 1-2 tiers; for resistance to premature stem formation – on 1 tier; for shade tolerance, early ripening, with a stable manifestation of the marketable mass of the root crop – on 4-5 tiers. Radish varieties were selected as the starting material for the suitability for hydroponic cultivation of intensive type and highly adaptive. The uniqueness of the use of a multi-level narrow column hydroponics for the purpose of radish breeding is shown.

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Radish Cultivars Bred at Vniissok and Their Use

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Study of the Raphanus Sativus L. (Small Radish) Biodiversity Under Conditions of Intensive Light-Culture and Identification of Donors of Economically Luable Characters for Breeding

Study of the Raphanus Sativus L. (Small Radish) Biodiversity Under Conditions of Intensive Light-Culture and Identification of Donors of Economically Luable Characters for Breeding

Small Radish for Light Culture: Challenges and Prospects

Prospects for the use of a multi-tier narrow-stack installation in the selection of European radish

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