Rail–wheel interaction monitoring using Acoustic Emission: A laboratory study of normal rolling signals with natural rail defects

Thakkar, N.A.; Steel, John Alexander; Reuben, Robert Lewis

doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2009.06.007

Cited by 51 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…19 In addition to the current paper, only Bruzelius and Mba 20 have assessed this application of AE, and they were only able to demonstrate that AE activity could be picked up in a laboratory rig. The current authors have already observed discrete AE associated with the wheel-sets on a real train 21 , and, in a series of laboratory studies, have developed a moving source model for a rolling wheel 22 and have shown that natural rail defects 23 and simulated wheel defects 24 can be detected using AE monitoring. This paper demonstrates that AE can be used to assess the rolling conditions with and without lateral rattling and flange rubbing, thus providing the potential for track-side monitoring of cumulative fatigue damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…There were also some natural defects in the same area between 1.46 and 1.58 m although their effect has already been assessed. 23 In order to correct for along-track attenuation and to identify areas of the track where the AE was above 'normal' a moving source model 22 for the AE energy in short time-step averaged RMS signals was applied. This consisted of fitting two attenuation curves to the data, one for the shorter section between joint and sensor and one for the longer one where E t is the energy at a clockwise distance, x 1 , or anticlockwise distance, x 2 , from the joint, R and T are the reflection and transmission coefficients at the joint, k is an exponential attenuation coefficient, and c 1 and c 2 are the clockwise and anticlockwise distances of the sensor from the joint.…”

Section: Wheel Flange Rubbingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A laboratory study of rail–wheel interaction monitoring using acoustic emission: Effect of rolling conditions with and without lateral rattling

Thakkar

Steel

Reuben

2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:

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This paper presents part of an extended laboratory study on the potential to apply the acoustic emission (AE) technique for in-situ rail-wheel interaction monitoring using rail-mounted sensors. The essential monitoring principle is that the intensity of the rail-wheel contact will affect the intensity of the AE that is generated during rolling. The current paper is confined to situations of 'normal' rolling, investigating the effects of wheel load, speed and lateral rattling of the generated AE, although the wider study includes the effects of rail and wheel irregularities on the AE generated. Rail-wheel contact was simulated on a scaled test rig consisting of a single wheel rolled round a circular track using a motor mounted at the centre of the track attached to a driving arm. AE was recorded at a fixed point on the track while the wheel was rolled around the track at a range of speeds with varying axle load. Wheel slip was found to be insignificant and tests using a simulated source confirmed that the energy recorded with a source at a given position on the track was repeatable. In one set of experiments, measures were taken to eliminate lateral rattling of the wheel and eccentricity of the wheel arc relative to the track arc. In a second set of experiments, some lateral float of the wheel along the axle was allowed and a limited amount of eccentricity was built into the track. The energy per wheel rotation for normal rolling was found to increase in a linear fashion with increasing axle load and centrifugal force, as would be expected due to the increasing rolling resistance with axle load and increasing lateral force with angular speed. The frictional instability associated with the lateral rattling was clearly detectible at low axle loads and lower speeds, and both natural and eccentricity (flange rubbing) rail abnormalities were detectible in the AE record. It is concluded that, with appropriate calibration, contact stresses between wheel and rail on straight or curved track can be monitored using track-mounted sensors so that cumulative contact stress can potentially be monitored.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Wheel Flange Rubbingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A laboratory study of rail–wheel interaction monitoring using acoustic emission: Effect of rolling conditions with and without lateral rattling

Thakkar

Steel

Reuben

2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:

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show abstract

“…Through experimental study, AE has been proven a feasible solution in defecting rail detection, especially in rotating machinery [68]. A simplified analytical model, which separates defects caused by AE activities from background noise, was proposed by Thakkar et al [48]. They also investigated the physical interaction between AE and axial load, speed, as well as traction through experiment.…”

Section: Acoustic Emission Testing (Aet)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Inspection and Monitoring for High-Speed Rail System

Zhou

Liu

2019

High-Speed Rail

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Non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques have been explored and extensively utilised to help maintaining safety operation and improving ride comfort of the rail system. As an ascension of NDT techniques, the structural health monitoring (SHM) brings a new era of real-time condition assessment of rail system without interrupting train service, which is significantly meaningful to high-speed rail (HSR). This chapter first gives a review of NDT techniques of wheels and rails, followed by the recent applications of SHM on HSR enabled by a combination of advanced sensing technologies using optical fibre, piezoelectric and other smart sensors for on-board and online monitoring of the railway system from vehicles to rail infrastructure. An introduction of research frontier and development direction of SHM on HSR is provided subsequently concerning both sensing accuracy and efficiency, through cutting-edge data-driven analytic studies embracing such as wireless sensing and compressive sensing, which answer for the big data's call brought by the new age of this transport.

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“…However, only a limited number of AE tests on site have been conducted. The use of AE tests in railways has been carried out in laboratories as seen in the literature [81].…”

Section: Acoustic Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art Review of Railway Track Resilience Monitoring

2018

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Abstract:In recent years, railway systems have played a significant role in transportation systems due to the demand increase in conveying both cargo and passengers. Due to the harsh environments and severe loading conditions, caused by the traffic growth, heavier axles and vehicles and increase in speed, railway tracks are at risk of degradation and failure. Condition monitoring has been widely used to support the health assessment of civil engineering structures and infrastructures. In this context, it was adopted as a powerful tool for an objective assessment of the railway track behaviour by enabling real-time data collection, inspection and detection of structural degradation. According to relevant literature, a number of sensors can be used to monitor track behaviour during the train passing under harsh environments. This paper presents a review of sensors used for structural monitoring of railway track infrastructure, as well as their application to sense the performance of different track components during extreme events. The insight into track monitoring for railways serving traffic with extreme features will not only improve the track inspection and damage detection but also enable a predictive track maintenance regime in order to assist the decision-making process towards more cost-effective management in the railway industry.

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Rail–wheel interaction monitoring using Acoustic Emission: A laboratory study of normal rolling signals with natural rail defects

Cited by 51 publications

References 27 publications

A laboratory study of rail–wheel interaction monitoring using acoustic emission: Effect of rolling conditions with and without lateral rattling

A laboratory study of rail–wheel interaction monitoring using acoustic emission: Effect of rolling conditions with and without lateral rattling

Contemporary Inspection and Monitoring for High-Speed Rail System

State-of-the-Art Review of Railway Track Resilience Monitoring

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