Rain attenuation measurements for short-range millimetre-wave radio link

Joshi, Sunil; Sancheti, S.; Goyal, A.

doi:10.1049/el:20063399

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The effect increases further with higher frequency bands, rainfall rates, longer path length, and larger raindrop sizes. This attenuation, caused by rain, reduces the reliability, systems availability, reception of signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR), and overall performance of the communications link . As a result, rain attenuation is a real and concerning issue facing the implementation of mm‐waves, especially in tropical regions with consistent heavy rainfall such as Malaysia.…”

Section: The Effect Of Rain On the Propagation Of Mm‐wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rain in temperate regions also tends to have a small raindrop size with rain intervals that exceed one hour. 84,85 On the basis of experiments and measurement studies conducted over several tropical regions such as Malaysia, 23,42,43 USA, 22,46 United Kingdom, 28 India, 24 Indonesia, 37 Korea, 30,39,40 Japan, 32,44,45 and others have shown that almost all stratiform rain occurs in association with convection rain. [87][88][89] Once a convective cloud declines, it turns to a stratiform.…”

Section: Rain In Tropical Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rainfall is a significant impediment that obstructs the propagation of mm‐wave signals from transmitter to receiver. Millimeter‐wave signals can be absorbed, scattered, depolarized, and diffracted by rain . This can restrict the propagation of mm‐wave signals, causing high signal attenuation loss through the effective propagation path length (km) measured in dB/km.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rain attenuation harshly increases when the frequency, rain density, or effective length are increased. This attenuation reduces the reliability, availability, and degraded the overall performance of the communications link . As a result, rain attenuation is a real and concerning issue facing the implementation of mm‐waves, especially in tropical regions with consistent heavy rainfall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several rain attenuation studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of rain on the propagation of mm‐wave bands in different environments while considering several scenarios. A number of these studies succeeded in conducting measurements . They gave indications about the behavior of mm‐wave band propagation during precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions

Shayea

Rahman

Azmi

et al. 2018

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Millimeter waves (mm‐waves) within frequency bands of 10 to 86 GHz will be used for both microwave and access link fifth‐generation (5G) systems. Thus, it is very important to investigate these bands to ensure reliability when 5G is applied in tropical regions like Malaysia in the coming few years. One of the major obstacles facing the propagation of mm‐waves in tropical regions is the rain attenuation. Rainfall results in the absorption, scattering, and diffraction of radio waves. This contributes to increased transmission losses and a reduction in the received signal levels. The effect is more severe in tropical regions that are characterized by intense heavy rainfall and large raindrop sizes. This paper provides a general overview on rain attenuation of mm‐wave bands. It highlights the nature of rain in tropical regions and its effects on the propagation of mm‐waves. It also reports the latest measurement studies focused on rain attenuation in mm‐wave frequency bands and the prediction methods used to estimate rain attenuation in mm‐waves. It contributes to the understanding of channel behavior and the characterization of mm‐wave bands during rainfall in tropical regions, especially in Malaysia. This study further strives to determine research gaps in this field as well as the future work and various propagation measurement systems that can be used to conduct real measurements and to develop prediction models for rain attenuation in mm‐waves for 5G systems. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the rain rate and rain attenuation on the basis of real measurement data conducted in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia at Skudai Campus, Malaysia. The analyzed results indicated that the rain attenuation at 38 GHz is critical and it can result in 18.4 dB/km as specific rain attenuation at 0.01% percentage of the time.

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Section: The Effect Of Rain On the Propagation Of Mm‐wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rain In Tropical Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions

Shayea

Rahman

Azmi

et al. 2018

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Rain attenuation and worst month statistics verification and modeling for 5G radio link system at 26 GHz in Malaysia

Shayea

Nissirat

Nisirat

et al. 2019

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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The explosive daily dependence on wireless communication services necessitates the research to establish ultrawideband communication systems with ultrahigh bit rate transmission capabilities. The advent of the fifth-generation (5G) microwave link transmitting at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency band is a promising technology to accommodate the escalating demand for wireless services. In this frequency band, however, the behavior of the transmission channel and its climatic properties are a major concern. This is of particular importance in tropical regions where the climate is mainly rainy with large raindrop size and high rainfall rate that may interact destructively with the propagating signal and cause total attenuation for the signal. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) introduced a global rain attenuation model to characterize the effect of rain on the propagating signal at a wideband of frequencies. The validity of this model in tropical regions is still an open question for research. In this paper, real measurements are conducted at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia, to investigate the impact of rain on the propagation of mm-waves at 26 GHz over the microwave 5G radio link system. Rainfall rate and rain attenuation data sets are collected for one year at one sample per min sampling rate. Both data sets are used to estimate signal propagation conditions in comparison to the ITU model prediction. From the presented results, it is found that at 0.01% percentage of time and rainfall rate of about 120 mm/hr, the propagated signal would experience 26.2 dB losses per kilometer traveled. In addition, there is a significant deviation between the empirical estimation of the worst month parameters and the ITU worst month parameter prediction. Similarly, rainfall rate and rain attenuation estimated through the ITU model imposes a large deviation as compared with the measurements. Furthermore, more accurate empirical worst month parameters are proposed that yielded more accurate estimation of the worst month rainfall and rain attenuation predictions in comparison to the ITU model predictions. Trans Emerging Tel Tech. 2019;30:e3697. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ett

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A compact quad‐band circular cavity backed substrate integrated waveguide antenna for millimeter wave applications

Tewari

Joshi

Srivastava

2023

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In this letter, a compact circular cavity‐backed, circularly polarized substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) multiband antenna is proposed. In the outer circular cavity, an array of two periodic metal slots, tilted at an angle, resonate at 25.32, 26.44, and 28.83 GHz, and the inner circular cavity's periodic slots radiate at 28.01 GHz. Two concentric SIW cavities are structured in such a distinct manner that no loss due to leakage takes place thus, achieving a maximum isolation of −43.8 dB at 28.83 GHz. The miniaturized antenna has dimensions of 2.2λo × 2.2λo × 0.1λo where λo is the operating wavelength. It achieves a maximum gain of 9.1 dBi at 26.44 GHz, and VSWR < 2 is achieved at all frequency bands. The antenna is circularly polarized at 26.44 and 28.01 GHz as well. The design results are plotted in the Ansys high‐frequency structure simulator version EM19.2 tool. The proposed antenna is fabricated and tested using an Anritsu Vector Network Analyzer version v4.0 with an anechoic chamber setup.

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Rain attenuation measurements for short-range millimetre-wave radio link

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions

Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions

Rain attenuation and worst month statistics verification and modeling for 5G radio link system at 26 GHz in Malaysia

A compact quad‐band circular cavity backed substrate integrated waveguide antenna for millimeter wave applications

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