Rain-Runoff Parameters for Six Small Gauged Urban Catchments

Jensen, Mogens

doi:10.2166/nh.1990.0013

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…When effective impervious fraction (F t ) from the regressions was plotted against map impervious fraction, however, these two basins fitted very well with the other 24. Regression gave: These relationships compare well with those of Melanen & Laukkanen (1981) for seven basins in Finland, and with Jensen (1990) for six basins in Denmark, where the coefficients were near to 0.75 and 0.90 respectively. Combining the basins of the present study with these additional basins (Fig.…”

Section: Analysis Of Impervious Runoff Eventssupporting

confidence: 85%

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Pervious and impervious runoff in urban catchments

Boyd

Bufill

Knee³

1993

Hydrological Sciences Journal

162

106

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Rainfall and runoff depths were examined for 763 storms on 26 urban basins located in 12 countries. For 17 of the basins, impervious surfaces were the major contributors to storm runoff. These basins were generally smaller than 25 ha and had small to medium storms in the data set. Nine basins had significant amounts of runoff from pervious as well as impervious surfaces. Eight of these basins are located in Australia. For all 26 basins, plots of rainfall and runoff depths were used to estimate the effective impervious area and the impervious area initial loss. The data plotted close to a single straight line on all basins, indicating that the effective impervious area remained constant for all storm sizes. The effective impervious fraction was related to total impervious area and the directly connected impervious fraction estimated from maps. For the basins with pervious runoff, the depth of rain in the storm was the most important factor in determining pervious runoff for rainfalls less than 50 mm, while for larger storms other factors including rainfall intensity and antecedent wetness were also found to be significant. Ecoulement d'averses sur des surfaces perméables et imperméables dans des bassins hydrographiques urbainsRésumé Cette étude est consacrée aux précipitations et aux écoulements relatifs à 763 averses observés sur 26 bassins hydrographiques urbains situés dans 12 pays différents. Pour 17 bassins, les surfaces imperméables apportent la majeure partie de l'écoulement; la superficie de ces bassins est généralement inférieure à 25 ha et les averses observées d'importance faible ou moyenne en comparaison de l'ensemble des données recueillies. Dans neuf bassins les surfaces perméables apportent, comme les surfaces imperméables, une contribution significative à l'écoulement; huit de ces bassins se trouvant en Australie. Pour l'ensemble des 26 bassins hydrographiques, les graphiques des précipitations et des écoulements ontpermis d'estimer la surface imperméable efficace et la perte initiale de la surface imperméable. Le tracé des données pour chaque bassin est proche d'une ligne droite, indiquant que la surface imperméable efficace reste constante quelle que soit l'importance de l'averse. On a étudie les corrélations existant entre les surfaces imperméables efficaces estimées d'après les données et les surfaces imperméables totales d'une part, les surfaces imperméables drainées par les réseaux d'assainissement d'autre part, ces dernières surfaces étant estimées d'après les plans urbains. Pour les bassins à écoulement perméable, la hauteur de l'averse est le facteur principal de l'écoulement perméable pour les précipitations de moins de 50 mm, tandis que pour les averses plus importantes, d'autres facteurs, dont l'intensité pluviale et l'humidité antérieure du sol, se sont révélés importants.

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Section: Analysis Of Impervious Runoff Eventssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Initial losses are known to be small on the impervious surfaces (Melanen & Laukkanen, 1981;Pratt et al, 1984;Jensen, 1990), but larger on pervious areas. Continuing losses may also be significant on pervious surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pervious and impervious runoff in urban catchments

Boyd

Bufill

Knee³

1993

Hydrological Sciences Journal

162

106

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“…Run-off from impervious areas is calculated by assuming that there is no infiltration (Jensen, 1990;Butler and Davies, 2011). However, the presence of a drainage system is simulated by removing run-off corresponding to precipitation from a 5-year return period, P t,RP 5 .…”

Section: Run-off and Infiltrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the impacts of urban development and climate change on exposing European cities to pluvial flooding

Kaspersen

Ravn²,

Arnbjerg‐Nielsen

et al. 2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

158

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Abstract. The economic and human consequences of extreme precipitation and the related flooding of urban areas have increased rapidly over the past decades. Some of the key factors that affect the risks to urban areas include climate change, the densification of assets within cities and the general expansion of urban areas. In this paper, we examine and compare quantitatively the impact of climate change and recent urban development patterns on the exposure of four European cities to pluvial flooding. In particular, we investigate the degree to which pluvial floods of varying severity and in different geographical locations are influenced to the same extent by changes in urban land cover and climate change. We have selected the European cities of Odense, Vienna, Strasbourg and Nice for analyses to represent different climatic conditions, trends in urban development and topographical characteristics. We develop and apply a combined remote-sensing and flood-modelling approach to simulate the extent of pluvial flooding for a range of extreme precipitation events for historical (1984) and present-day (2014) urban land cover and for two climate-change scenarios (i.e. representative concentration pathways, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). Changes in urban land cover are estimated using Landsat satellite imagery for the period 1984-2014. We combine the remote-sensing analyses with regionally downscaled estimates of precipitation extremes of current and expected future climate to enable 2-D overland flow simulations and flood-hazard assessments. The individual and combined impacts of urban development and climate change are quantified by examining the variations in flooding between the different simulations along with the corresponding uncertainties. In addition, two different assumptions are examined with regards to the development of the capacity of the urban drainage system in response to urban development and climate change. In the "stationary" approach, the capacity resembles present-day design, while it is updated in the "evolutionary" approach to correspond to changes in imperviousness and precipitation intensities due to urban development and climate change respectively. For all four cities, we find an increase in flood exposure corresponding to an observed absolute growth in impervious surfaces of 7-12 % during the past 30 years of urban development. Similarly, we find that climate change increases exposure to pluvial flooding under both the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The relative importance of urban development and climate change on flood exposure varies considerably between the cities. For Odense, the impact of urban development is comparable to that of climate change under an RCP 8.5 scenario (2081-2100), while for Vienna and Strasbourg it is comparable to the impacts of an RCP 4.5 scenario. For Nice, climate change dominates urban development as the primary driver of changes in exposure to flooding. The variation between geographical locations is caused by differences in soil infiltration properties, historical t...

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Section: Run-off and Infiltrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the impacts of urban development and climate change in exposing European cities to pluvial flooding

Kaspersen¹,

Ravn²,

Arnbjerg‐Nielsen³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. The economic and human consequences of extreme precipitation and the related flooding of urban areas have increased rapidly over the past decades. Some of the key factors that affect the risks to urban areas include climate change, the densification of assets within cities and the general expansion of urban areas. In this paper, we examine and compare quantitatively the impact of climate change and recent urban development patterns on the exposure of four European cities to pluvial flooding. In particular, we investigate the degree to which pluvial floods of varying severity and in different geographical locations are influenced to the same extent by changes in urban land cover and climate change. We have selected the European cities of Odense, Vienna, Strasbourg and Nice for analyses to represent, different climatic conditions, trends in urban development and topographical characteristics. We develop and apply a combined remote-sensing and flood-modelling approach to simulate the extent of pluvial flooding for a range of extreme precipitation events for historical (1984) and present-day (2014) urban land cover and for two climate-change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). Changes in urban land cover are estimated using Landsat satellite imagery for the period 1984–2014. We combine the remote-sensing analyses with regionally downscaled estimates of precipitation extremes of current and expected future climate to enable 2D overland flow simulations and flood-hazard assessments. The individual and combined impacts of urban development and climate change are quantified by examining the variations in flooding between the different simulations along with the corresponding uncertainties. For all four cities, we find an increase in flood exposure corresponding to an observed absolute growth in impervious surfaces of 7–12 % during the past thirty years of urban development. Similarly, we find that climate change increases exposure to pluvial flooding under both the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The relative importance of urban development and climate change on flood exposure varies considerably between the cities. For Odense, the impact of urban development is comparable to that of climate change under an RCP 8.5 scenario (2081–2100), while for Vienna and Strasbourg it is comparable to the impacts of an RCP 4.5 scenario. For Nice, climate change dominates urban development as the primary driver of changes in exposure to flooding. The variation between geographical locations is caused by differences in soil infiltration properties, historical trends in urban development and the projected regional impacts of climate change on extreme precipitation.

show abstract

Rain-Runoff Parameters for Six Small Gauged Urban Catchments

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Pervious and impervious runoff in urban catchments

Pervious and impervious runoff in urban catchments

Comparison of the impacts of urban development and climate change on exposing European cities to pluvial flooding

Comparison of the impacts of urban development and climate change in exposing European cities to pluvial flooding

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