Raincloud plots: a multi-platform tool for robust data visualization

Allen, Micah; Poggiali, Davide; Whitaker, Kirstie; Marshall, Tom R.; Kievit, Rogier A.

doi:10.7287/peerj.preprints.27137v1

Cited by 96 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Raincloud plot (Allen, Poggiali, Whitaker, Marshall, & Kievit, ) showing the distribution of classification accuracies of all trees. Black circles indicate mean values…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LeWoS: A universal leaf‐wood classification method to facilitate the 3D modelling of large tropical trees using terrestrial LiDAR

2020

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Leaf‐wood separation in terrestrial LiDAR data is a prerequisite for non‐destructively estimating biophysical forest properties such as standing wood volumes and leaf area distributions. Current methods have not been extensively applied and tested on tropical trees. Moreover, their impacts on the accuracy of subsequent wood volume retrieval were rarely explored. We present LeWoS, a new fully automatic tool to automate the separation of leaf and wood components, based only on geometric information at both the plot and individual tree scales. This data‐driven method utilizes recursive point cloud segmentation and regularization procedures. Only one parameter is required, which makes our method easily and universally applicable to data from any LiDAR technology and forest type. We conducted a twofold evaluation of the LeWoS method on an extensive dataset of 61 tropical trees. We first assessed the point‐wise classification accuracy, yielding a score of 0.91 ± 0.03 in average. Second, we evaluated the impact of the proposed method on 3D tree models by cross‐comparing estimates in wood volume and branch length with those based on manually separated wood points. This comparison showed similar results, with relative biases of less than 9% and 21% on volume and length respectively. LeWoS allows an automated processing chain for non‐destructive tree volume and biomass estimation when coupled with 3D modelling methods. The average processing time on a laptop was 90s for 1 million points. We provide LeWoS as an open‐source tool with an end‐user interface, together with a large dataset of labelled 3D point clouds from contrasting forest structures. This study closes the gap for stand volume modelling in tropical forests where leaf and wood separation remain a crucial challenge.

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“…Raincloud plot (Allen, Poggiali, Whitaker, Marshall, & Kievit, ) showing the distribution of classification accuracies of all trees. Black circles indicate mean values…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LeWoS: A universal leaf‐wood classification method to facilitate the 3D modelling of large tropical trees using terrestrial LiDAR

2020

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“…Vertical and horizontal bars with asterisks indicate significant pairwise post hoc comparisons. (b) The extent of cardiac deceleration as a correlate of conscious perception, visualized using raincloud plots (Allen, Poggiali, Whitaker, Marshall, & Kievit, ). The standardized slope of cardiac deceleration (i.e., the difference between stimulus and S‐1) was greater for hits than for misses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between cardiac activity and conscious somatosensory perception

et al. 2019

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Fluctuations in the heart's activity can modulate the access of external stimuli to consciousness. The link between perceptual awareness and cardiac signals has been investigated mainly in the visual and auditory domain. Here, we investigated whether the phase of the cardiac cycle and the prestimulus heart rate influence conscious somatosensory perception. We also tested how conscious detection of somatosensory stimuli affects the heart rate. Electrocardiograms (ECG) of 33 healthy volunteers were recorded while applying near‐threshold electrical pulses at a fixed intensity to the left index finger. Conscious detection was not uniformly distributed across the cardiac cycle but significantly higher in diastole than in systole. We found no evidence that the heart rate before a stimulus influenced its detection, but hits (correctly detected somatosensory stimuli) led to a more pronounced cardiac deceleration than misses. Our findings demonstrate interactions between cardiac activity and conscious somatosensory perception, which highlights the importance of internal bodily states for sensory processing beyond the auditory and visual domain.

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“…(accuracy) and Fig. (reaction times), and raincloud plots were created by using the code by Allen, Poggiali, Whitaker, Marshall, and Kievit ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degree of Language Experience Modulates Visual Attention to Visible Speech and Iconic Gestures During Clear and Degraded Speech Comprehension

2019

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Visual information conveyed by iconic hand gestures and visible speech can enhance speech comprehension under adverse listening conditions for both native and non‐native listeners. However, how a listener allocates visual attention to these articulators during speech comprehension is unknown. We used eye‐tracking to investigate whether and how native and highly proficient non‐native listeners of Dutch allocated overt eye gaze to visible speech and gestures during clear and degraded speech comprehension. Participants watched video clips of an actress uttering a clear or degraded (6‐band noise‐vocoded) action verb while performing a gesture or not, and were asked to indicate the word they heard in a cued‐recall task. Gestural enhancement was the largest (i.e., a relative reduction in reaction time cost) when speech was degraded for all listeners, but it was stronger for native listeners. Both native and non‐native listeners mostly gazed at the face during comprehension, but non‐native listeners gazed more often at gestures than native listeners. However, only native but not non‐native listeners' gaze allocation to gestures predicted gestural benefit during degraded speech comprehension. We conclude that non‐native listeners might gaze at gesture more as it might be more challenging for non‐native listeners to resolve the degraded auditory cues and couple those cues to phonological information that is conveyed by visible speech. This diminished phonological knowledge might hinder the use of semantic information that is conveyed by gestures for non‐native compared to native listeners. Our results demonstrate that the degree of language experience impacts overt visual attention to visual articulators, resulting in different visual benefits for native versus non‐native listeners.

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Raincloud plots: a multi-platform tool for robust data visualization

Cited by 96 publications

References 6 publications

LeWoS: A universal leaf‐wood classification method to facilitate the 3D modelling of large tropical trees using terrestrial LiDAR

LeWoS: A universal leaf‐wood classification method to facilitate the 3D modelling of large tropical trees using terrestrial LiDAR

Interactions between cardiac activity and conscious somatosensory perception

Degree of Language Experience Modulates Visual Attention to Visible Speech and Iconic Gestures During Clear and Degraded Speech Comprehension

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