Rainfall runoff modeling for the basin in Bukit Kledang, Perak

Ibrahim, Azmi; Zakaria, Norasalwa; Harun, Nazran; Hashim, M. M.M.

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/1106/1/012033

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The model is useful for predicting utilizable reserves in any nth year based on that year's rainfall. With the help of random number theory and correlation regression analysis, the following mathematical relationship has been calculated to estimate total water reserves in the region for a minimum to maximum rainfall [66][67][68][69][70][71]. The equation governing the above relationship is Y = 1.10274 X − 638.84 (2) where Y = water reserves in mcm/annum and X = rainfall in mm/annum.…”

Section: Projected Life Of Reservesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Groundwater Reserves of the Udaipur District, Aravalli Range, India, Using Geospatial Techniques

Shyam

Meraj

Kanga

et al. 2022

Water

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Population increase has placed ever-increasing demands on the available groundwater (GW) resources, particularly for intensive agricultural activities. In India, groundwater is the backbone of agriculture and drinking purposes. In the present study, an assessment of groundwater reserves was carried out in the Udaipur district, Aravalli range, India. It was observed that the principal aquifer for the availability of groundwater in the studied area is quartzite, phyllite, gneisses, schist, and dolomitic marble, which occur in unconfined to semi-confined zones. Furthermore, all primary chemical ingredients were found within the permissible limit, including granum. We also found that the average annual rainfall days in a year in the study area was 30 from 1957 to 2020, and it has been found that there are chances to receive surplus rainfall once in every five deficit rainfall years. Using integrated remote sensing, GIS, and a field-based spatial modeling approach, it was found that the dynamic GW reserves of the area are 637.42 mcm/annum, and the total groundwater draft is 639.67 mcm/annum. The deficit GW reserves are 2.25 mcm/annum from an average rainfall of 627 mm, hence the stage of groundwater development is 100.67% and categorized as over-exploited. However, as per the relationship between reserves and rainfall events, surplus reserves are available when rainfall exceeds 700 mm. We conclude that enough static GW reserves are available in the studied area to sustain the requirements of the drought period. For the long-term sustainability of groundwater use, controlling groundwater abstraction by optimizing its use, managing it properly through techniques such as sprinkler and drip irrigation, and achieving more crop-per-drop schemes, will go a long way to conserving this essential reserve, and create maximum groundwater recharge structures.

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Section: Projected Life Of Reservesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Groundwater Reserves of the Udaipur District, Aravalli Range, India, Using Geospatial Techniques

Shyam

Meraj

Kanga

et al. 2022

Water

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“…It is unevenly distributed spatially and temporally and strongly influenced by climate and land use [5]. Precipitation and runoff are the main hydrologic components in water resources assessment [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Land-Use Change on Runoff in Hyrcania

Ahmadi-Sani

Razaghnia²,

Pukkala

2022

Land

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Population growth and human activities have resulted in drastic changes in land use in many areas of the world, including the Hyrcania region in northern Iran. Land-use changes affect the hydrological processes of water basins. This study evaluated the effect of land-use changes on runoff over 15 years in the Haraz River basin located in Hyrcania using remote sensing data and GIS analyses. The annual precipitation of the region is 66.5 cm. Two Landsat images were used to develop land-use maps for 1996 and 2011. Original image features, their principal components, and vegetation indices were used to classify the two Landsat images into different land-use categories. Runoff was predicted from precipitation, land use, and hydrological soil groups, using the SCS-CN model (the “curve number” approach). During the 15 years, 62.4% of the area remained unchanged and 37.6% had undergone a land-use change. The highest average runoffs were obtained for bare land (14.1–14.5 cm/year) and residential land (10.4–11.4 cm/year), and the lowest for dense forest (2.5–2.6 cm/year) and first-grade rangeland (2.8–3.1 cm/year). The volume of annual runoff increased by 9% during 1996–2011 due to land-use changes. Runoff was estimated at 9.4% of precipitation in 1996, and 9.6% of precipitation in 2011. Most of the increase was related to the increased area of bare land and decreased area of rangeland. The study indicated that combined use of the SCS-CN approach, remote sensing data, and GIS tools allow cost-effective runoff estimation, helping watershed management. The results on the effect of land-use change on runoff can be seen as a warning for land-use managers and policymakers, who should aim at stopping and reversing the current land-use trends of the Haraz River basin.

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