Rainwater and the resulting runoff chemistry in Shiraz city, southwest Iran

Abstract

Samples were collected from rainwater, the resulting runoff in urban drainage channels and the Khoshk River (a seasonal river which passes through the city and receives urban drainage channels runoff). Major elements and selected heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) concentrations were investigated for rainwater samples. Marine and non-marine sources of the elements in rainwater were investigated by calculation of Sea salt fraction, Non sea salt fraction and application of factor analysis. pH and mean concentrations of major ions and heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) were compared to the results of similar studies in other countries. GIS interpolation maps indicated the impact of traffic pollution and Shiraz industrial complex on spatial distribution of Cu, Pb and Zn in rainwater. Major ions and Cu, Pb and Zn mean concentrations in runoff samples were also studied and compared to the rainwater results. Since the Khoshk River is the main runoff drainage channel in the city and is used for irrigation, its water quality was also examined.

Concentration and potential source identification of trace elements in wet atmospheric precipitation of Shiraz, Iran

“…Based on the results of a similar study conducted in 2011 in Shiraz by Moore et al, it can be concluded that the concentrations of Zn and Cu have increased by 3.5 and 2.3 times (respectively) from 2011 until today. This increase can be attributed to an increase in motor vehicle use and industrial activities during these years [37, 38]. In contrast, the concentration of Pb in this study is slightly lower than those reported by Moore et al This can be attributed to the improvement in the quality of gasoline and a ban the use of leaded gasoline in vehicles.…”

Micropollutants Identification Affecting the Nearby Environment from Highway Runoff: The Case Study of Cyprus Highway

“…This is due to the road surface, dust, and soil that exist in the surface. Similar phenomenon was observed in Iraq [31] as the alkalinity that exists in the dust may transfer through the runoff of the rainwater and from there to the other water bodies. FOGs concentration is more than 5 ppm which in the maximum concentration for agricultural proposed.…”

Assessing sources of nitrate contamination in the Shiraz urban aquifer (Iran) using the δ15N and δ18O dual-isotope approach

“…While δ 15 N in rainwater samples, ranging between + 9.6 and + 10.8 ‰ (Table 4), is compatible with results from previous studies (e.g. [24]), the corresponding δ 18 O, ranging from + 4.5 to + 7.9 ‰ (Table 4), is significantly depleted in 18 O which may indicate a non-negligible amount of NH 4 + in rainwater [36], consistent with air pollution observed over industrial cities in Iran such as Shiraz impacting its chemical composition [51,52]. Their δ 15 N and δ 18 O are similar to those measured in the spring water sample (δ 15 N = + 7.7 ‰ and δ 18 O = + 3.5 ‰).…”