Rainwater Harvesting and Rural Livelihoods in Nepal

Kattel, Rishi Ram; Nepal, Mani

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-0680-9_11

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In particular, individual cisterns enable water supply at the household level (St. Eustatius), while isolated tanks connected to ponds/tanks and reservoirs enable irrigated agriculture and livestock production (Sri Lanka). Technologies for RWH are part of collective memory in many cultures, but their large-scale productive exploitation is yet to be popularized [14,[103][104][105]. For example, Kattel and Nepal [14] acknowledged that "harvesting rainwater for animals is an old-age tradition in the hills of Nepal but rainwater harvesting for agriculture is relatively a new phenomenon".…”

Section: The Future Water Management In Feutapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Technologies for RWH are part of collective memory in many cultures, but their large-scale productive exploitation is yet to be popularized [14,[103][104][105]. For example, Kattel and Nepal [14] acknowledged that "harvesting rainwater for animals is an old-age tradition in the hills of Nepal but rainwater harvesting for agriculture is relatively a new phenomenon". As for Tanzania, large water harvesting ponds for agricultural purposes were common practices, with similar features from region to region, and even local names exist such as majaluba/ndiva [106].…”

Section: The Future Water Management In Feutapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kilimanjaro Concept (KC) has been recently presented for integrated water resources management in hilly regions [8,9]. On the other hand, the use of cisterns to warrant water supply in mountain communities is a very old decentralized solution [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. This communication is about integrated water management in mountain communities, including safe drinking water supply.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Water Management in Mountain Communities: The Case of Feutap in the Municipality of Bangangté, Cameroon

Nya

Mwamila²,

Komguem-Poneabo

et al. 2023

Water

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The whole population of Feutap still collects drinking water from two protected springs, some 1 km away from this small rural agglomeration. For many generations, the only improvement has been the protection of the springs during the 1980s. The resulting high incidence of gastrointestinal infections continues to hinder the socioeconomic development of this mountain community. This dynamic wherein “poverty begets disease, and disease begets poverty” seems endless given the number of water improvement programs and other health-focused campaigns in rural areas of Cameroon since the 1960s. Fortunately, the hydrographic regime of Feutap and its geographical situation enable the implementation of the Kilimanjaro Concept (KC), wherein rainwater is quantitatively harvested, partly infiltrated, and largely stored to (i) meet the whole-year water needs of the population, (ii) create new ecosystems, and (iii) enable irrigated agriculture. This communication prepares the implementation of the KC in Feutap, including the creation of irrigation ponds for agriculture and small farm animals (e.g., goats and sheep). The view is promoted that Feutap is a potential viable space in which life and work are possible, using the existing rainfall and the few natural springs in a sustainable manner. The presented concept can be extended to other hilly small communities with similar hydraulic regimes.

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Section: The Future Water Management In Feutapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Future Water Management In Feutapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Water Management in Mountain Communities: The Case of Feutap in the Municipality of Bangangté, Cameroon

Nya

Mwamila²,

Komguem-Poneabo

et al. 2023

Water

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“…Moreover with increased temperature, warm days and nights, and heat waves, it is likely that seasonal drought will also increase (Dahal et al, 2018). Currently, the majority of the hilly communities (85%) depend on rainfed agriculture (Kattel and Nepal, 2022). A similar case was observed in the districts selected for the FGDs.…”

Section: Food Insecurity and Malnutrition Under Climate Changementioning

confidence: 77%

Enhancing the resilience of food production systems for food and nutritional security under climate change in Nepal

Neupane

Paudel²,

Sapkota³

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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BackgroundClimate change in Nepal has posed a considerable challenge to agricultural productivity and has threatened food and nutritional security at multiple levels. This study aims to assess the impacts of climate change on national food production and food and nutritional security as well as document issue-based prioritized adaptation options for a resilient food production system.MethodsThis study considers temperature, precipitation, and their anomalies as the key factors affecting food production in Nepal. Nationwide precipitation trends along with their association with the annual production of major cereal crops in Nepal were assessed using data from the last three decades (1990–2018). The annual productions of the major cereal crops were summed and normalized to calculate the production index scores in the districts. Scores were plotted and visualized into maps using the Geographical Information System. In three ecological regions, the distribution of flood and extreme rainfall events and cases of malnutrition from 2005 to 2018 were plotted. The effects of climate change and highest priority adaptation options at the district level were documented through a review of national policies and literature studies and qualitative research based on Focus Group Discussions (FGDs).ResultsBetween 1990 and 2018, the overall average production of major cereal crops in Nepal was increased by around 2,245 MT annually. In the district level index analysis, the highest production score was found for Jhapa and Morang while the lowest production score was found for Humla. Cases of malnutrition in some districts coincided with flood and heavy rainfall events, indicating that climate change and extreme climatic events have a role to play in food production and security. Growing drought-tolerant crops, changes in crop cycle, riverbed farming practices, developing short-term strategies, such as contingency crop planning, changing planting dates, planting short duration varieties, schemes evacuation, and long-term strategies, such as encouraging out-migration of population to safer locations, resettlement programs with transformative livelihood options, and sustainable agricultural practices were found to be key prioritized adaptation measures for a resilient food production system.ConclusionIn Nepal, climate change and the increasing frequency and magnitude of extreme climatic events adversely affect the food production system, which has become a serious threat to food and nutritional security. The implementation of evidence-based practices to build a resilient food system specific to climate-vulnerable hotspots at the district and local levels is the nation's current need.

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“…Such tree plantations not only re-strengthen the embankments but also provide additional benefits such as carbon sequestration, greenery promotion, fuelwood production, and ecological balance (Pandey, 2016), which in turn helps local communities in recovering from climate change impacts (Udayashankara et al, 2016). Kattel & Nepal (2022) reported that local people are practicing rainwater harvesting techniques and the establishing conservation ponds to adapt to water scarcity. Nepal disaster report showed that rainfall pattern is changing, and drought periods are increasing throughout the country (GoN/MoHA, 2019).…”

Section: Adaptation Measures Practiced By Local Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change, climatic disasters, and adaptation techniques: learnings from the lowlands of Nepal

THAGUNNA

Chhetri²,

Gautam

et al. 2022

Banko

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Nepal is experiencing inevitable consequences of changing climate. Rural communities are badly suffering from these implications. Meanwhile, the rural communities are trying to acclimatize through small–scale adaptation efforts. This study aims to analyze changes in temperature and rainfall trends, identify major climatic disasters, and document current adaptation measures being adopted by rural communities. For this study, we randomly selected 220 households from a total of 4,282 Households, and seven key informants for the questionnaire survey within the study area. Meteorological data from the nearest station were used to analyze changes in temperature and rainfall trends. The study revealed that both mean annual maximum and minimum temperature increased by 0.063 °C/year and 0.072° C/year respectively, between 1991 and 2020. Similarly, mean annual rainfall increased by 12.329 mm/year. Floods, droughts, landslides, hailstorms, and forest fires were major climate disasters experienced by the locals. The adverse impact perceived were loss of crop yield, decrease in water availability, an increase of mosquitoes, and a decline in sightings of the birds and waterfowls in the area. Embankment construction along rivers, changing cropping patterns and cultivation time, forest protection, and maintaining home gardens were major adaptation measures being practiced by the locals. We believe the findings of this study will be helpful for policymakers to develop strategies and programs for communities that will promote resilience against climate– induced disasters at a local level in the lowlands of Nepal.

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Rainwater Harvesting and Rural Livelihoods in Nepal

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Integrated Water Management in Mountain Communities: The Case of Feutap in the Municipality of Bangangté, Cameroon

Integrated Water Management in Mountain Communities: The Case of Feutap in the Municipality of Bangangté, Cameroon

Enhancing the resilience of food production systems for food and nutritional security under climate change in Nepal

Climate change, climatic disasters, and adaptation techniques: learnings from the lowlands of Nepal

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