Rainwater harvesting, quality assessment and utilization in Kefalonia Island, Greece

Sazakli, Eleni; Αλεξόπουλος, Α.; Leotsinidis, Michalis

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2007.01.037

Cited by 265 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Sic. ;Schick 1878;Masterman 1918;Robinson and Graham 1938;Biernacka-Lubańska 1977;Brinker 1990;Sazakli et al 2007;Mays 2010;Van Liefferinge 2013). The volume of a cistern marks the maximum volume that could be stored at any one point.…”

Section: Supply Sidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the late 19th and early 20th century scholars exploring the Levant describe how cisterns functioned and were used in Jerusalem, stressing that cisterns must be periodically cleaned, along with the need to keep the house and collection surfaces free of pollutants (Schick 1878;Masterman 1918). Still today, municipal cisterns on the island of Kefalonia are cleaned in September every year before the rainy season begins (Sazakli et al 2007). To allow for cleaning the model assumes that the cistern was emptied of any accumulated surplus at the end of October annually.…”

Section: Supply Sidementioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the freshwater supply of cisterns in ancient Greece

Klingborg

Finné

2018

Water Hist

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In this paper, we model the function of rainwater harvesting cisterns in ancient Greece. The model calculates on a monthly basis: (1) the collected and stored volume of water; (2) the amount of water extracted for individual use; and (3) the potential accumulated surplus available by the end of a month. The potential of the model is explored through two case studies based on material from Olynthos in Thessaly and Dystos on ancient Euboia by running 26 consecutive annual cycles utilizing modern precipitation data from meteorological stations as a proxy for ancient precipitation and precipitation variability. Our results show that cisterns can provide ample amounts of freshwater to households and function as buffers for water stress in shorter (monthly), and longer terms (seasonally, yearly and between years). The two cisterns in this paper yield between 10.7 and 86.6 m 3 per annum with a strong variability in collected water volumes within and between years. Yet, this variability is, largely predictable and thus the use of cisterns in ancient Greece should be viewed in the light of predictable variability that required active participation from members of the household to be efficient.

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Section: Supply Sidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supply Sidementioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the freshwater supply of cisterns in ancient Greece

Klingborg

Finné

2018

Water Hist

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“…Rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS) use a rain barrel (or cistern) to collect rainwater from the roofs of buildings that can be used for gardening, flushing toilets, car washing, and even potable demand, as well as for reducing storm water runoff [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The concept of RWHS is simple, but measuring rain barrel performance is a challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Index Evaluation of the Rainwater Harvesting System in Six US Urban Cities

Park

2018

Sustainability

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This study investigated the sustainability of the rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) by analyzing six urban city sites with different rainfall statistics in the United States. We developed a new RWHS performance model by modifying a spreadsheet-based storage, treatment, and overflow runoff model (SS STORM) and verified its performance by comparing with another analytical RWHS model. The sustainability index (SI) evaluation method was used for a reservoir system and applied to the RWHS, employing modified resilience and vulnerability evaluation methods due to the different characteristics of a reservoir and the RWHS. The performance of modified SS STORM is very similar to that of the analytical method, except in Los Angeles, which is characterized by long inter-event times and low rainfall event depths due to low annual rainfall. The sustainability indices were successfully evaluated depending on both RWHS size and water demand and vary over a wide range as annual rainfall increases. This study proposes a new RWHS performance model and sustainability index evaluation method. Further study should confirm the proposed approach in regions with widely different rainfall characteristics.

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“…The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued the Low Impact Development Design Strategies in 2000. With the development of rainwater resources theory, other developed countries, such as Australia, Greece, Britain, Poland and Japan have also followed the example and combined with their own practice to study and apply the related comprehensive utilization mode of URRs [2] [14]. For example, based on the concept of urban water sensitivity, Australia proposed a new urban design scheme for waterlogging, mainly focusing on purification and utilization, emphasizing the natural design of the urban water cycle process; Japan mainly promoted facilities and applications for infiltration and storage levels, and their flood release systems and rainwater storage systems emphasized stagnation and platoon; Britain put forward the idea of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), which is based on prevention, with source control as its technology, site control and regional control as its planning scope [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Potential Development of Rainwater Utilization in the Hilly City of Southern China

Liu

Shao

et al. 2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Abstract. Aimed at the current flood problems and the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in the southern cities of China, the comprehensive utilization of Urban Rainwater Resources (URRs) is a significant solution. At present, the research on the comprehensive utilization system of urban rainwater resources in China is still immature, especially the lack of a comprehensive method for the comprehensive utilization of the rainwater and flood resources in the south. Based on the current mode for utilization of URRs at home and abroad, Fenghuang County in Hunan Province was taken as a case of study，which is a typical mountainous city in the southern China. And the potential development of URRs was simulated and evaluated with a comparison of before and after the exploitation and utilization of URRs in this paper. The reduction effect of flood and waterlogging on the ancient city area is analyzed from SWMM. The simulation results show that the potential of exploitation and utilization of URRs in Fenghuang county is remarkable under the mode of exploitation and utilization which is given priority to flood prevention and control, and the annual development potential is 4.865×10 5 m 3 . The rainwater utilization measures of flood control effect is obvious with this mode, and the relevant research results can provide theoretical and technical support for enhancing urban water security capability, water conservation capacity, and disaster mitigation of urban flood.

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Rainwater harvesting, quality assessment and utilization in Kefalonia Island, Greece

Cited by 265 publications

References 16 publications

Modelling the freshwater supply of cisterns in ancient Greece

Modelling the freshwater supply of cisterns in ancient Greece

Sustainability Index Evaluation of the Rainwater Harvesting System in Six US Urban Cities

Study on the Potential Development of Rainwater Utilization in the Hilly City of Southern China

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