Rainwater tank capacity and potential for potable water savings by using rainwater in the residential sector of southeastern Brazil

This paper assesses the effect of climate change on reliability of rainwater harvesting systems for Kabarole district, Uganda, as predicted by 6 best performing global circulation models (GCMs). A daily water balance model was used to simulate the performance of a rainwater harvesting system using historical daily rainfall data for 20 years. The GCMs used to generate daily rainfall projections for 2025-2055 and 2060-2090 periods included; ACCESS1-0, BCC-CSM-1-M, CNRM-CM5, HADGEM2-CC, HADGEM2-ES and MIROC5. Analysis was based on the Ugandan weather seasons which included March, April, May (MAM) and September, October, November (SON) rain seasons in addition to December, January, February (DJF) and June, July, August (JJA) dry seasons. While an increase in reliability is predicted for the SON season, the worst-case scenario is projected during the MAM season with a reliability reduction of over 40% for the 2055-2090 period. This corresponds to a 27% reduction in water security for the same period. The DJF season is also expected to experience reduced water security by 1-8% for 2025-2055 and 2060-2090 with a 0.5 m 3 tank size. Therefore, some form of extra harvesting surface and increased tank size will be required to maintain 80% systems reliability considering climate change.

supporting

confidence: 64%

“…Such a runoff 181 coefficient indicates a loss of 20% of the rainwater that is discarded for roof cleaning and evaporation 182 [25]. This is within the typical ranges of 0.8-0.95 for roof catchments used in similar studies [12, 25-183 28] .…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

Effect of Climate Change on Reliability of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Kabarole District, Uganda

Kisakye

Akurut

Bruggen

2018

“…In addition, various methodologies have been established to measure potential water savings [5,6,29,32]. While these definitions and methodologies often were used to explain similar concepts, the lack of universal agreement on the terminologies can be quite confusing.…”

Section: Classification and Definition Of Domestic Rainwater Harvestimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rainwater harvesting systems can be easily implemented at the home, commercial, and community levels [4,5]. The application of rainwater harvesting in both rural and urban areas of developing countries is well documented [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for Assessing the Rainwater Harvesting Potential of Residential Buildings at a National Level as an Alternative Water Resource for Domestic Water Supply in Taiwan

Liaw

Chiang

2014

Domestic rainwater harvesting (DRWH) is widely recognized as an alternative source of water in Taiwan because of water shortages. This suggests that rainwater potential should be maximized and quantified. In this article, we assess the potential of DRWH at a national level. To consider the climatic, building characteristic, economic, and ecological aspects of DRWH, we propose three categories: (1) theoretical; (2) available; and (3) environmental bearable rainwater potential. Four main steps were followed to develop the proposed framework: (1) Fifteen rainfall zones across Taiwan were generated through cluster analysis based on the average annual 10-day rainfall distributions of rainfall stations and administrative districts; (2) The roof area in each rainfall zone was estimated using a geographic information system (GIS) and land use classification database; (3) The weighted percentage of rainwater use in each rainfall zone was determined by the optimal point on the storage capacity and rainwater supply reliability curve for an equivalent building from each building type; (4) The percentage of the total roof area used to harvest rainwater in each region depends on the downstream impact of the stream flow. The procedures developed in this study constitute an effective tool for preliminarily estimation of the national DRWH potential. OPEN ACCESSWater 2014, 6 3225

“…Therefore, RWHSs have been facilitated for a range of purposes in many countries. For example, RWHSs were built for potable use [4][5][6][7], household irrigation, and other uses [3,8,9], and for agricultural irrigation in both urban and agricultural areas [10,11]. RWHSs are also used widely as a practical approach for sustainable water resources management, particularly in urban areas [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a Rain Barrel Sharing Network under Climate Change

Noh

Chung

Seo

2015

Rain barrels can be technically shared through social practices or mutual agreement between individual households. This study proposes the evaluation system for a rain barrel sharing network (RBSN) considering three performance criteria of reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability, under plausible climate change scenarios. First, this study shows how the system can be improved in terms of the performance criteria using historical daily rainfall data based on the storage-reliability-yield relationship. This study then examined how the benefits from RBSN are affected by climate change after 100 years. Three climate change scenarios (A1B, A2 and B2) and three global circulation models were used for this purpose. The results showed that the reliability and vulnerability are improved due to sharing and their improvements become larger under climate change conditions. In contrast, the resiliency reduces slightly due to sharing and its reduction is attenuated under climate change conditions. In particular, vulnerability will be reduced significantly under climate change. These results suggest that the sharing of various water resources systems can be an effective climate change adaptation strategy that reduces vulnerability and increases the reliability of the system. OPEN ACCESSWater 2015, 7 3467