Raman and X‐ray diffraction analysis on unburned carbon powder refined from fly ash

Abstract

The bonding and crystalline structures of oil-fried fly ash collected from a power plant were analyzed by using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. These carbon powders underwent a series of annealing treatment for graphitization and crystallization. In Raman spectra, the refined, unburned carbon contains clearly the D, G and D peaks under 2000 or 2700 • C treatment. The Raman spectral line shape of refined, unburned carbon heated at 2700 • C is similar to that of commercial graphite made from graphitization process. In the XRD spectra, the refined, unburned carbon contains (002), (100) and (004) diffraction peaks under heating at 2000 or 2700 • C. The XRD spectral line shape of refined, unburned carbon heated at 2700 • C is similar to that of a commercial graphite bar. The quantitative graphitization level from Raman spectra and crystallization degree from XRD spectra on refined, unburned carbon powders serve as preliminary guide for the qualitative evaluation of these unburned carbon powders.

Recent advances in linear and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy. Part V

“…The Raman tensor elements of BiFeO 3 were experimentally determined from the analysis of the Ag and Eg vibrational modes. The bonding and crystal structures of oil‐fired fly ash collected from a power plant were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and XRD, respectively, by Tai and coworkers . The quantitative graphitization level from Raman and crystalization degree from XRD on refined, unburned carbon powders served as preliminary guide for the qualitative evaluation of these unburned carbon powders.…”

Preparation and morphology study of carbon molecular sieve membrane derived from polyimide

“…The Raman spectrum (visible region) consists of two peaks for a conventional carbonaceous material, i.e. D at 1325–1370 cm −1 and G at 1580–1600 cm −1 . The D band is associated with the disordered/amorphous structure, while the G band corresponds to the vibration of sp 2 ‐bonded carbon atoms in a graphite layer .…”

Study of the in-situ growth of carbon nanofibers on cement clinker

“…Not all of carbon particles can form normal graphite, which is depends on the experimental gas and the catalyst [30]. The relative intensities of both the D and G peaks reflected the defect degree of carbon material [33]. The ratio of I D /I G by calculating the area of the two peaks.…”