Raman spectroscopy has long been recognized as a powerful analytical tool, capable of characterizing a wide range of materials, but for many years the size and complexity of instrumentation confined it to the research laboratory, making process analysis impractical. However, compact, sensitive and robust Raman instruments are now available that can be readily interfaced to production processes. This article attempts to illustrate the general capabilities of Raman spectroscopy as a process analytical tool. We first consider the instrumental and engineering aspects of making Raman measurements under production conditions, and then discuss some of the areas in which it has been fruitfully employed. The application examples discussed were chosen to cover the main range of sample types that one might encounter in the industry. We also describe some common artifacts and problems, which can arise and confuse the new practitioner.