Raman Spectroscopic and Chemometric Investigation of Lipid–Protein Ratio Contents of Soybean Mutants

Abstract

Seeds belonging to fourth generation mutants (M4) of Ataem-7 cultivar (A7) variety and S04-05 (S) breeding line salt-tolerant soybeans were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, complemented by chemometrics methods, in order to evaluate changes induced by mutations in the relative lipid–protein contents, and to find fast, efficient strategies for discrimination of the mutants and the control groups based on their Raman spectra. It was concluded that gamma irradiation caused an increase in the lipid to protein ratio of the studied Ataem-7 variety mutants, while it led to a decrease of this ratio in the investigated S04-05 breeding line mutants. These results were found to be in agreement with data obtained by reflectance spectrum analysis of the seeds in the full ultraviolet to near-infrared spectral region and suggest the possibility of developing strategies where gamma irradiation can be used as a tool to improve mutant soybean plants targeted to different applications, either enriched in proteins or in lipids. Ward's clustering and principal component analysis showed a clear discrimination between mutants and controls and, in the case of the studied S-type species, discrimination between the different mutants. The grouping scheme is also found to be in agreement with the compositional information extracted from the analysis of the lipid–protein contents of the different samples.

Soybean Processing Wastes: Novel Insights on Their Production, Extraction of Isoflavones, and Their Therapeutic Properties

“…Ogruc Ildiz et al used Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with PCA and CA in another study. Mutants were determined and distinguished from the control group of soybeans . According to Brereton and Lloyd (2014), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) is the most widely used classification procedure in chemometrics .…”

“…Mutants were determined and distinguished from the control group of soybeans. 65 According to Brereton and Lloyd (2014), partial least squaresdiscriminant analysis (PLS-DA) is the most widely used classification procedure in chemometrics. 66 Metabolite profile analysis using tandem HPLC and PLS-DA and CA has been conducted successfully for assessment of the quality of food soybeans from Japan, Korea, and China.…”

Determination of qualitative characteristics of soybean and rapeseed oil by infrared spectroscopy

“…Похідні продукти сої та ріпаку містять органічні молекули, такі як ліпіди (20 %), білки (40 %), вуглеводи (30 %), аміди, жирні кислоти, вітаміни та мінерали [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Stress Memory and Priming Applications in Plants: Potential for Breeders

“…In mutation breeding, various physical, chemical, or biological mutagens are used to increase genetic variability. High mutation frequency is obtained compared to naturally occurring spontaneous mutations [1][2][3][4]. The selection process requirement in each generation is a major disadvantage of mutation breeding.…”