Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology

Vandenabeele, Peter

doi:10.1002/jrs.1217

Cited by 80 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, the employment of the 785-nm line has given again interesting results in (Fig. 5b) that could be related to Cu-O vibration or hydroxyl deformation in copper chloride minerals (such as atacamite and paratacamite; Cu 2-Cl(OH) 3 ), frequently found in pigments of ancient paintings as result of malachite and azurite degradation [16,17]. On the contrary, no pigments have been identified in the blue areas mainly investigated in ''The Medicine'' medallion.…”

Section: Green and Blue Huesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This was an excellent opportunity to examine the artworks in order to establish an in situ diagnostic analysis of the wall paintings (in terms of colorants and preparation layer) and to support the conservators in the framework of the ongoing restoration. Of course, in consideration of the preciosity of the paintings, the application of noninvasive and nondestructive methodologies was required; among them, Raman spectroscopy was recently assessed as particularly suitable tool for the diagnosis of art objects, especially for paintings, plasters and mortars [2][3][4][5]. The method allows in fact the quick, nondestructive and contactless characterization and identification of inorganic and organic materials, widely employed in art and archaeometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nondestructive Raman investigation on wall paintings at Sala Vaccarini in Catania (Sicily)

Barone¹,

Bersani²,

Coccato³

et al. 2017

inArt 2016

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In this work, the results of a Raman campaign for studying seventeenth-century Sicilian frescoes, by using two portable Raman systems, equipped with different excitation sources (785 and 1064 nm), are proposed. The measurements were performed with the aim to provide an in situ diagnostic analysis of the wall paintings (in terms of colorants and preparation layer) and to support the conservators in the framework of the ongoing restoration. The combined use of the two Raman spectrometers has given a complete overview on the artist palette and on the state of preservation of frescoes, also informing us about the technique employed by the painter. Natural pigments as hematite, vermillion, goethite, lead red, lead white and carbon-based black pigments have been identified. Additionally, the application of a transitional RomanesqueRenaissance frescoes method has been noticed by the systematic combined presence of calcite and gypsum in the substrate. Finally, the analyses have highlighted the presence of degradation products, mainly related to alteration of lead-based pigments.

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Section: Green and Blue Huesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Raman investigation on wall paintings at Sala Vaccarini in Catania (Sicily)

Barone¹,

Bersani²,

Coccato³

et al. 2017

inArt 2016

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“…Earliest applications of Raman spectroscopy to the identification of inorganic pigments date back to the end of the 1980s, for instance. In the middle of the 1990s, a few researchers were using Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of art and historical works [36]. By the 1990s, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP-AES) replaced atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) for multielement analysis [37].…”

Section: Expansion Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Another beauty of analytical chemistry: chemical analysis of inorganic pigments of art and archaeological objects

Doménech‐Carbó

Osete-Cortina

2016

ChemTexts

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“…It is particularly well suited to identifying ancient pigments in cultural heritage studies 1 because it provides a 'fingerprint' of the material being analysed. Analysing spectra is often difficult because of the presence of noise and background signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise and background removal in Raman spectra of ancient pigments using wavelet transform

Ramos

Ruisánchez

2005

J. Raman Spectrosc.

129

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The wavelet transform was applied to Raman spectra to remove heteroscedastic noise from ancient pigments such as azurite and ultramarine blue. Wavelets from the Daubechies, Coiflet and Symmlet families were evaluated. Two different thresholding strategies on the detail coefficients were applied; the first is a one-dimensional variance adaptive thresholding and the second is a block threshold denoising. The block thresholding strategy removes the noise and preserves the band shapes best. Background removal during the denoising process was also investigated and the results were very good when the block thresholding strategy was used to suppress background at the optimal level of the denoising process. INTRODUCTIONToday, Raman spectroscopy is widely recognized as a powerful, non-destructive technique for characterizing materials. It is particularly well suited to identifying ancient pigments in cultural heritage studies 1 because it provides a 'fingerprint' of the material being analysed. Analysing spectra is often difficult because of the presence of noise and background signals. It is also difficult to apply chemometric techniques to this type of data 2,3 in the presence of nonstationary noise and a non-constant varying spectroscopic background.In Raman spectra from ancient pigments, the major contributor to background noise is the intrinsic fluorescence of the pigment components and binding materials. Considerable effort has been made to improve the spatial resolution of the technique so that small grains of pigment can be analysed with little or no interference from surrounding areas. However, pigment fluorescence is still present, and is usually several orders of magnitude more intense than the weak Raman scattering, so the spectrum is completely dominated by fluorescence. Another source of noise to be considered is the detector, as is the case when a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector is used. 4 In the study of pigments, however, Ł Correspondence to: Itziar Ruisánchez, Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, C/. MarcelÐlí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. E-mail: itziar.ruisanchez@urv.net Contract/grant sponsor: European Community; Contract/grant number: G6RD-CT2001-00602. noise is usually more sample dependent than detector dependent. One important cause may be unspecific absorption or radiation by coloured or black samples.Noise removal is an important operation in data processing but today there is no general denoising strategy. Denoising strategies, including parameter selection, are strongly dependent on the problem involved. They depend on the signal-to-noise ratio, on the shape of the signals and their superposition, on the resolution of complex overlaid signals and on the justification or violation of model assumptions regarding noise distribution. Wavelet transform (WT) is a relatively new denoising technique which in recent years has been increasingly recognized for its relevance to analytical chemistry 5 and today it is a high-p...

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Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology

Cited by 80 publications

References 36 publications

Nondestructive Raman investigation on wall paintings at Sala Vaccarini in Catania (Sicily)

Nondestructive Raman investigation on wall paintings at Sala Vaccarini in Catania (Sicily)

Another beauty of analytical chemistry: chemical analysis of inorganic pigments of art and archaeological objects

Noise and background removal in Raman spectra of ancient pigments using wavelet transform

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