Raman spectroscopy in cervical cancers: An update

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women worldwide. Developing countries contribute more than 80% towards global burden. Over the last 2 decades, Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been actively pursued for cervical cancer detection. In view of latest development in Raman spectroscopic applications in cervical cancers, especially in vivo studies, an update of the same is presented in this article. This articles opens with a brief note on Anatomy of cervix followed by Etiology, and conventional Screening and Diagnosis of Cervical cancers. In subsequent sections, brief description of Theory and Instrumentation of RS is followed by a review of recent developments in cervical cancer detection; with emphasis on cell lines, exfoliated cells, ex vivo and in vivo, and therapeutic response monitoring applications in cervical cancer.

Prospects for Raman spectroscopy in cardiology

“…Ранее уже были получены данные об определенных трансформациях в мембранах ТР при АГ, что способствует увеличению частоты тромботических осложнений [38]. Метод КР-спектроскопии и ИКспектроскопии являются достаточно чувствительными для анализа биохимических изменений в клетке и не требуют сложной пробоподготовки [39].…”

A review of the applications of Raman spectroscopy for breast cancer tissue diagnostic and their histopathological classification of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

“…This shift results from inelastic scattering (resonant and nonresonant Raman scattering, the details of which do not require present description). The relatively weak phenomenon of Raman scattering, involving approximately one in every 10 6 –10 8 scattered photons, was first predicted by Adolf Smekal in 1923 and was first observed experimentally in 1928 by Raman and Krishnan . When illuminated with an optical beam, the technique can be used to probe the vibrational energy levels of molecules within a sample.…”

Challenges and opportunities in clinical translation of biomedical optical spectroscopy and imaging

“…For example, Raman spectroscopy for in vivo detection of cervical cancers has been carried out by various groups using different instruments and algorithms in diverse populations to show improved classification efficiency, but it would be more fruitful in further studies to establish SOPs for clinical implementation. 65 In part, this is because the techniques and technologies (devices, software, and photoactive compounds) are very diverse, as is the industry base, which has many early-stage companies and only a few large multinational companies and institutions. The professional societies for institution-and industry-based researchers have not typically had strong participation in clinical translation, while conversely those of the clinical users have had little involvement in OSI technology development and promotion.…”