Rana grylio virus thymidine kinase gene: an early gene of iridovirus encoding for a cytoplasmic protein

Zhao, Zhe; Fei, Ke; Shi, Yan; Zhou, Guang‐Zhou; Gui, Jian‐Fang; Zhang, Qi-Ya

doi:10.1007/s11262-008-0318-x

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…RGV has been recognized as a member of the family Iridoviridae and is closely related to FV3, based on previous studies on morphogenesis, cellular interaction, antigenicity, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and major capsid protein (MCP) sequence similarity [15][16][17][18]. To date, some genes of RGV have been identified and characterized, such as 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3b-HSD), deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase), an envelope protein gene (53R), thymidine kinase (TK) and a gene belonging to the ''essential for respiration and viability'' family (ERV1) [19][20][21][22][23][24]. We found that RGV could induce apoptosis mediated by mitochondria [25].…”

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confidence: 99%

Sequencing and analysis of the complete genome of Rana grylio virus (RGV)

Zhu

et al. 2012

Arch Virol

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Infection with Rana grylio virus (RGV), an iridovirus isolated in China in 1995, resulted in a high mortality rate in frogs. The complete genome sequence of RGV was determined and analyzed. The genomic DNA was 105,791 bp long, with 106 open reading frames (ORFs). Dot plot analysis showed that the gene order of RGV shared colinearity with three completely sequenced ranaviruses. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on concatenated sequences of iridovirus 26 core-gene-encoded proteins, and the result showed high bootstrap support for RGV being a member of the genus Ranavirus and that iridoviruses of other genera also clustered closely. A microRNA (miRNA) prediction revealed that RGV could encode 18 mature miRNAs, many of which were located near genes associated with virus replication. Thirty-three repeated sequences were found in the RGV genome. These results provide insight into the genetic nature of RGV and are useful for laboratory diagnosis for vertebrate iridoviruses.

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confidence: 99%

Sequencing and analysis of the complete genome of Rana grylio virus (RGV)

Zhu

et al. 2012

Arch Virol

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“…The predicted proteins include DPOL, replication factor, NTPase/ helicase-like protein, RAD2 DNA repair protein, RNA polymerase subunits, and proteins involved in nucleic acid metabolism [5]. Although some of these proteins have been investigated [23][24][25][26][27][28][29], the detailed mechanisms of genome replication and transcription of ranaviruses remain largely an enigma. For example, the number of these potential proteins is still less than the number needed to complete the DNA replication and transcription cycles, and the predicted ones need to be proven experimentally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication and transcription machinery for ranaviruses: components, correlation, and functional architecture

Fei

Wang

et al. 2022

Cell Biosci

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Background Ranaviruses (family Iridoviridae) are promiscuous pathogens that can infect across species barriers in poikilotherms and can replicate in amphibian and fish cells and even in cultured mammalian cells. However, as nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs), their replication and transcription mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we screened and uncovered the replication and transcription machinery of two ranaviruses, Andrias davidianus ranavirus (ADRV) and Rana grylio virus (RGV), by a combination of methods, including the isolation of proteins on nascent DNA, recombinant virus-based affinity, and NanoLuc complementation assay. Results The ranavirus replication and transcription machinery was deeply dissected and identified as a complicated apparatus containing at least 30 viral and 6 host proteins. The viral proteins ADRV-47L/RGV-63R (DNA polymerase, vDPOL), ADRV-23L/RGV-91R (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vPCNA), ADRV-85L/RGV-27R (single-stranded DNA binding protein, vSSB), ADRV-88L/RGV-24R (vhelicase/primase), etc., constitute the core replisome. Specifically, the core of the transcription complex, the viral RNA polymerase, contain the host RNAPII subunits Rpb3, Rpb6, and Rpb11, which was a first report in NCLDVs. Furthermore, correlations and interactions among these factors in the machinery were described. Significantly, the replisome core protein vDPOL (ADRV-47L) can interact with numerous viral and host proteins and could act as a linker and regulation center in viral DNA replication and transcription. Thus, these results depicted an architecture for ranavirus replication and transcription. Conclusions Up to 36 components from ranavirus and their host were found to form viral replisomes and transcription complexes using a series of precise methods, which further constructed an architecture for ranavirus replication and transcription in which vDPOL was a key central factor and various components correlated and cooperated. Therefore, it provides a cornerstone for further understanding the mechanisms of the replication and transcription of ranaviruses which can ensure the efficient production of progeny virus and adaptation to cross-species infection.

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“…Cellular TKs, including cytosolic TK1 and mitochondrial TK2, are the key enzymes that catalyze the transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP to 2′-deoxythymidine (dT) in the nucleoside salvage pathway, forming thymidine monophosphate (dTMP) in the presence of magnesium ions (Mg 2+ ). The vast majority of herpesviruses and some DNA viruses, such as vaccinia virus (VACV) (Deng et al., 2017), African swine fever virus (ASFV) (Sanford et al., 2016), and Rana grylio virus (RGV) (Zhao et al., 2009), also have a specific gene encoding a viral TK. For α-herpesviruses, but in particular for HSV-1, the expression of the viral TK is an important factor influencing virus characterization in acute and latent infection (Tenser et al., 1979; Huang et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-Herpesvirus Thymidine Kinase Genes Mediate Viral Virulence and Are Potential Therapeutic Targets

Xie

Wang

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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Alpha-herpesvirus thymidine kinase (TK) genes are virulence-related genes and are nonessential for viral replication; they are often preferred target genes for the construction of gene-deleted attenuated vaccines and genetically engineered vectors for inserting and expressing foreign genes. The enzymes encoded by TK genes are key kinases in the nucleoside salvage pathway and have significant substrate diversity, especially the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) TK enzyme, which phosphorylates four nucleosides and various nucleoside analogues. Hence, the HSV-1 TK gene is exploited for the treatment of viral infections, as a suicide gene in antitumor therapy, and even for the regulation of stem cell transplantation and treatment of parasitic infection. This review introduces the effects of α-herpesvirus TK genes on viral virulence and infection in the host and classifies and summarizes the current main application domains and potential uses of these genes. In particular, mechanisms of action, clinical limitations, and antiviral and antitumor therapy development strategies are discussed.

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Rana grylio virus thymidine kinase gene: an early gene of iridovirus encoding for a cytoplasmic protein

Cited by 13 publications

References 54 publications

Sequencing and analysis of the complete genome of Rana grylio virus (RGV)

Sequencing and analysis of the complete genome of Rana grylio virus (RGV)

Replication and transcription machinery for ranaviruses: components, correlation, and functional architecture

Alpha-Herpesvirus Thymidine Kinase Genes Mediate Viral Virulence and Are Potential Therapeutic Targets

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