Random Forest Predictions of Fine Ash Concentration and Charging Processes From Experimentally Generated Volcanic Discharges

Rayborn, L.; Jellinek, M.

doi:10.1029/2021jb023599

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…Triboelectrification has been found to be the dominant charging process for near‐vent discharges in shock‐tube experiments (Gaudin & Cimarelli, 2019; Rayborn & Jellinek, 2022). Gaudin and Cimarelli (2019) also used LSB under similar applied pressure conditions as in this study and did not observe a significant grain size reduction in their experiments using a 4 m long particle collector tank.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Grain Size Distribution on Laboratory‐Generated Volcanic Lightning

et al. 2022

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Over the last decades, remote observation tools and models have been developed to improve the forecasting of ash‐rich volcanic plumes. One challenge in these forecasts is knowing the properties at the vent, including the mass eruption rate and grain size distribution (GSD). Volcanic lightning is a common feature of explosive eruptions with high mass eruption rates of fine particles. The GSD is expected to play a major role in generating lightning in the gas thrust region via triboelectrification. Here, we experimentally investigate the electrical discharges of volcanic ash as a function of varying GSD. We employ two natural materials, a phonolitic pumice and a tholeiitic basalt (TB), and one synthetic material (soda‐lime glass beads [GB]). For each of the three materials, coarse and fine grain size fractions with known GSDs are mixed, and the particle mixture is subjected to rapid decompression. The experiments are observed using a high‐speed camera to track particle‐gas dispersion dynamics during the experiments. A Faraday cage is used to count the number and measure the magnitude of electrical discharge events. Although quite different in chemical composition, TB and GB show similar vent dynamics and lightning properties. The phonolitic pumice displays significantly different ejection dynamics and a significant reduction in lightning generation. We conclude that particle‐gas coupling during an eruption, which in turn depends on the GSD and bulk density, plays a major role in defining the generation of lightning. The presence of fines, a broad GSD, and dense particles all promote lightning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Grain Size Distribution on Laboratory‐Generated Volcanic Lightning

et al. 2022

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“…In the process of drying, the mud became consolidated and was thus mechanically disaggregated with a vibratory disc mill prior to use in experiments, leading to an increase in the volume fraction of fine particles (<10 microns) (Figure S1 in Supporting Information ) from 30.7 to 41.7 vol%. The proportion of fines is a crucial parameter in the number and intensity of discharges in experiments (Cimarelli et al., 2014; Gaudin & Cimarelli, 2019; Stern et al., 2019) and modeling based on these experiments (Rayborn & Jellinek, 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Discharge in Erupting Mud

Springsklee

Manga

Scheu

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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Self‐ignition during the explosive eruption of mud volcanoes can create flames that in some cases reach heights that exceed hundreds of meters. To study the controls on electrical discharge in natural mud, we performed laboratory experiments using a shock‐tube apparatus to simulate explosive eruptions of mud. We vary the water content of the mud and proportions of fine particles. We measure electric discharge within a Faraday cage and we use a high‐speed video camera to image the eruption of mud and some of the electric discharge events. We find that (a) decreasing the proportion of fine particles and (b) increasing water content each suppress the number and magnitude of electric discharge events. Experimentally observed mud volcano lightning occurs where particles exit from the vent and within the jet of erupting particles.

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Faraday cup measurements of triboelectrically charged granular material: a modular interpretation methodology

O’Hara,

Reid,

Marsden

et al. 2025

Soft Matter

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Random Forest Predictions of Fine Ash Concentration and Charging Processes From Experimentally Generated Volcanic Discharges

Abstract: Explosive eruptions eject massive quantities of fine ash (<63 μm) into the atmosphere and can be accompanied by volcanic lightning near the vent, within the overlying jet (

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

The Influence of Grain Size Distribution on Laboratory‐Generated Volcanic Lightning

The Influence of Grain Size Distribution on Laboratory‐Generated Volcanic Lightning

Electric Discharge in Erupting Mud

Faraday cup measurements of triboelectrically charged granular material: a modular interpretation methodology

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