Random Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction Differentiates Codonopsis pilosula from DifferentLocalities

Abstract

DNA fingerprints distinctive among the samples from different localities in China were successfully reproduced for the Chinese herb Dangshen, the roots of CODONOPSIS PILOSULA, (Campanulaceae). Similarity index (S.I.) analysis revealed that C. PILOSULA samples from the same province generated similar DNA fingerprints, while samples of different provinces displayed different DNA fingerprints. This method may be a general and valuable tool for locality authentication of other Chinese herbal medicinal materials.

Micropropagation of Codonopsis Pilosula (Franch.) Nannf by Axillary Shoot Multiplication

“…Codonopsis pilosula presents a relatively high level of genetic diversity, even among cultivated populations (Zhang et al, 1999;Guo et al, 2007). In the closely related and more often investigated species C. lanceolata, molecular markers revealed significant genetic instability in plants regenerated from callus derived from a single donor plant (Guo et al, 2006).…”

“…Codonopsis pilosula is a variable species, exhibiting substantial diversity not only in its phytochemistry (Li et al, 2009b;Yang et al, 2010), but also in molecular markers such as microsatellites and RAPD fragments (Zhang et al, 1999;Guo et al, 2007;Li et al, 2009a). Together, xenogamous free pollination and routine propagation from seeds can produce inconsistent and unpredictable crop quality, and can make it difficult to implement a rational breeding programs (Guo et al, 2007).…”

Abundant genetic diversity in cultivated Codonopsis pilosula populations revealed by RAPD polymorphisms

“…The PCR were performed in a PTC100 thermocycler (MJ Research Inc, Watertown, Mass.) programmed as described by Zhang et al (1999). A denaturation period of 5 min at 94°C was followed by 45 cycles of 1 min at 36°C and 2 min at 72°C, and then 10 min at 72°C for final extension.…”

“…for thousands of years in China. The domestication of this species might have spanned a history of more than 500 years and today it is widely cultivated in Gansu, Shanxi, Hubei and Sichuan Provinces of China (Zhu and Zhu 2004;Zhang et al 1999). Among these cultivation areas, Longxi County of Gansu Province alone produces over 70% of the year's total production of this drug of China.…”

Molecular authentication of geo-authentic Scrophularia ningpoensis

“…For instance, different arbitrarily primed (AP)-PCR fingerprints are used to distinguish samples of Astragalus membranaceus originated from different localities (Yip and Kwan, 2006). For Codonopsis pilosula, AP-PCR and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints revealed different patterns according to different geographic origins (Zhang et al, 1999). Similarly, Vitex rotundifolia samples from 14 different regions were divided by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers (Hu et al, 2007).…”