Range-wide genetic variation of black spruce

Morgenstern, E. K.

doi:10.1139/x78-068

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…This can be quantified with response functions for individual populations, which describe the change in a trait as a function of transfer distance or change in environmental factors (Rehfeldt et al ., 1999, 2002). Provenance trials have been planted in sites that vary with respect to many environmental variables, such as temperature or water availability (Morgenstern, 1978; Kramer, 1995; Shutyaev & Giertych, 1997; Rehfeldt et al ., 1999, 2002; Worrell et al ., 2000; Reich & Oleksyn, 2008; Vitasse et al ., 2010). Transfers to the south have been used to predict responses to a warming climate (Beuker et al ., 1998; Rehfeldt et al ., 2002; Wang et al ., 2006) even if the future conditions may be different (e.g., photoperiod).…”

Section: Evolution In One Isolated Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for evolutionary responses to climate change – evidence from tree populations

Alberto

Aitken

Alı́a

et al. 2013

Global Change Biology

756

816

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Evolutionary responses are required for tree populations to be able to track climate change. Results of 250 years of common garden experiments show that most forest trees have evolved local adaptation, as evidenced by the adaptive differentiation of populations in quantitative traits, reflecting environmental conditions of population origins. On the basis of the patterns of quantitative variation for 19 adaptation-related traits studied in 59 tree species (mostly temperate and boreal species from the Northern hemisphere), we found that genetic differentiation between populations and clinal variation along environmental gradients were very common (respectively, 90% and 78% of cases). Thus, responding to climate change will likely require that the quantitative traits of populations again match their environments. We examine what kind of information is needed for evaluating the potential to respond, and what information is already available. We review the genetic models related to selection responses, and what is known currently about the genetic basis of the traits. We address special problems to be found at the range margins, and highlight the need for more modeling to understand specific issues at southern and northern margins. We need new common garden experiments for less known species. For extensively studied species, new experiments are needed outside the current ranges. Improving genomic information will allow better prediction of responses. Competitive and other interactions within species and interactions between species deserve more consideration. Despite the long generation times, the strong background in quantitative genetics and growing genomic resources make forest trees useful species for climate change research. The greatest adaptive response is expected when populations are large, have high genetic variability, selection is strong, and there is ecological opportunity for establishment of better adapted genotypes.

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Section: Evolution In One Isolated Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for evolutionary responses to climate change – evidence from tree populations

Alberto

Aitken

Alı́a

et al. 2013

Global Change Biology

756

816

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“…(Heide 1974;Skrøppa 1982), Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP (Morgenstern 1978), and many angiosperms. Vaartaja (1959) found photoperiodic ecotypes of growth rhythm in 38 tree species.…”

Section: Latitudinal Clines In Bud Set and Frost Hardinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic adaptation of bud set and frost hardiness in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)

Hurme¹,

Repo²,

Savolainen³

et al. 1997

Can. J. For. Res.

132

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The variation of timing of terminal bud set and frost hardening in first-year seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was studied. Both bud set and frost hardiness showed clinal variation with respect to latitude over a steep environmental gradient (60-67°N) in Finland. Northern populations set buds and developed frost hardiness earlier than southern populations. Backcrosses ((north × south) × south) were intermediate or close to the southern parent both in bud set and in frost hardiness between the populations representing the parental origins. In bud set, 36.4% of the total variation was between the populations. The bud set date and development of frost hardiness were highly correlated at the population level (r = 0.69-0.97). Frost hardening started during the bud formation period and accelerated when most of the buds had formed. In backcross progenies, earlier bud set resulted also in earlier development of frost hardiness. This suggests a genetical association between the two traits.Résumé : La variation dans le moment où le bourgeon terminal est formé et la résistance au gel est acquise a été étudiée chez des semis de pin sylvestre (Pinus sylvestris L.) âgés de 1 an. La formation du bourgeon terminal et la résistance au gel montraient une variation clinale par rapport à la latitude le long d'un fort gradient environnemental (60 à 67°N) en Finlande. Les populations septentrionales formaient leur bourgeon terminal et devenaient résistantes au gel plus tôt que les populations méridionales. Les populations issues de rétrocroisements ((nord × sud) × sud) se situaient à mi-chemin ou près des parents d'origine méridionale pour la formation du bourgeon terminal et la résistance au gel comparativement aux caractéristiques des populations dont provenaient les parents. Dans le cas de la formation du bourgeon terminal, la variation entre les populations représentait 36,4% de la variation totale. La date à laquelle le bourgeon terminal était formé et l'acquisition de la résistance au gel étaient fortement corrélées (r = 0,69-0,97) au sein des populations. L'acquisition de la résistance au gel débutait pendant la période de formation du bourgeon terminal et s'accélérait lorsque la plupart des bourgeons étaient formés. Dans les descendances issues de rétrocroisements, l'acquisition de la résistance au gel survenait plus tôt si le bourgeon terminal se formait plus tôt. Les résultats suggèrent qu'il existe une association d'ordre génétique entre les deux caractères. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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“…Correlations between trait variation and climate parameters may suggest the adaptive pressure exerted on the trait -in a sense demonstrating its adaptive significance (Table 1) . are primarily shaped by the thermoperiod (Sarvas, 1972(Sarvas, , 1974Prokazin & Bogachev, 1975 ;Morgenstern, 1978) . matic factors.…”

Section: Genetic Variation and Climate Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic adaptation of trees: rediscovering provenance tests

Mátyás

1996

Euphytica

160

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Common garden testing of populations of different origin started with forest trees more than two hundred years ago . Since then, so-called provenance tests have been established with most commercially important species . Beyond the strictly silvicultural goals, the tests offer excellent opportunities to study intraspecific genetic variation patterns and represent probably the most powerful available tool for testing hypotheses of climatic adaptation in trees .Analysis of adaptive traits (mostly juvenile height growth) in provenance experiments indicate the existence of very effective constraints on adaptedness . The performance of populations plotted against an ecological-climatic factor exhibits a characteristic pattern and can be described by response functions . The population average of a fitness-related trait for a locally adapted population is often significantly lower than that of populations from other environments; usually the ones from milder climate perform better . The phenomenon is interpreted as adaptation lag. Suboptimal adaptation is compensated by a high level of genetic diversity. Molecular genetic studies confirm the high level of allelic and individual genetic diversity in forest trees . A consequence of individual homeostasis, phenotypic stability of populations is usually also high ; the sensitivity to environmental changes is generally moderate . Phenotypically stable populations are valuable not only because of a wider range of potential cultivation but specifically because of a greater ability to adjust to unexpected changes . This trait should receive more attention in the future for obvious reasons .The maintenance of a high within-population genetic variance is favored by the genetic system of the investigated species (effective gene flow, outbreeding, high genetic load, etc .) . Random events and long-lasting biotic interactions are further effects impairing the efficiency of natural selection .In view of expected climate instability, genetic adaptability of forest trees causes serious concern due to their long lifespan compared to the rapidity of expected changes in environmental conditions . The potential of provenance tests to interpret long-term adaptational processes should be utilized to analyze, model and predict response of trees to climate change . Although seldomly appreciated, provenance research might be among the most important contributions of forestry to biological sciences .

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Range-wide genetic variation of black spruce

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Potential for evolutionary responses to climate change – evidence from tree populations

Potential for evolutionary responses to climate change – evidence from tree populations

Climatic adaptation of bud set and frost hardiness in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)

Climatic adaptation of trees: rediscovering provenance tests

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