Ranking the risks of 12 major environmental pollutants that occur in Japan

Gamo, Masashi; Oka, Tosihiro; Nakanishi, Junko

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00053-5

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[5] As common indices, lifespan reduction due to adverse health effects, or similar reduction but with adjustment for quality of life, are both widely used. For example, Gamo et al [6] used an index called lost life expectancy (lifespan reduction) to evaluate replacement of a termite control agent; and Gamo et al [7] used this same index to rank major environmental pollutants. Kishimoto [5] used an index based on loss of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs: lifespan adjusted for quality of life) in the detailed risk evaluation of toluene; and Cohen et al [8] used this index to compare the benefit of polysaturated fatty acid, with the risk of methyl mercury, in fish consumption.…”

Section: Methods Using a Common Risk Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kishimoto [5] used an index based on loss of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs: lifespan adjusted for quality of life) in the detailed risk evaluation of toluene; and Cohen et al [8] used this index to compare the benefit of polysaturated fatty acid, with the risk of methyl mercury, in fish consumption. Disability-adjusted life expectancy years (lifespan with adjustment for disabilities caused by disease) is used as an index in calculations of the worldwide burden of disease by the World Health Organization (WHO); [9] and Havelaar et al [10] used this index to compare the risk of bromate [6] [7] Estimate using structural equation modeling [14] Common The problem with this approach is that its estimations require the results of human epidemiological studies, and many potential replacement substances do not even have sufficient animal test data, let alone human epidemiological study results. In sum, this approach is less executable than the general risk analysis method described in Subchapter 2.1.…”

Section: Methods Using a Common Risk Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of the method discussed here, the established method [6] [7] was chosen as a basis for quantifying the risk of reference substances. However, as there is no existing research on a method for relative risk comparison of reference and target substances, it was necessary to develop an original method for conducting such comparison based on limited information.…”

Section: Methods Of Multiple-substance Relative Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the risk ranking of environmental pollutants, Gamo et al [7] conducted an assessment by specifying as one year the reduction in lifespan due to health conditions accompanied by some expression of subjective symptoms, and our present evaluation adopted this assessment. For QOL, the data compiled and organized by Tengs et al [21] was reviewed, and the QOL value of 0.01 was used, in the QALY calculation, for the lightest liver disorder among the liver diseases.…”

Section: Liver Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a framework for risk tradeoff analysis of chemical substance substitution

Masashi

Takeshita

2016

Synthesiology English edition

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it is insufficient merely to demonstrate reduction in the risks associated with the original substance. It is necessary also to consider the potential risks associated with the replacement substance. It is necessary to determine whether the overall risk of the replacement substance is less than that of the original substance; and in addition, by comparing the risks before and after substitution, to assess whether the given substitution produces a risk reduction effect that exceeds the cost of countermeasures. Kishimoto[5] argued for the necessity of developing an assessment method for human health risks associated with chemical substance use, which would reflect social requirements, including the new social demand for "comparing risks of different types of chemical substances, and the assessment of cost-effectiveness of emission reduction measures;" and presented a case study involving toluene risk assessment. Here, he proposed a method for quantifying human health risks, using quality of life (QOL) as the risk index, by backcasting from the demand. The method enabled the comparison of the cost-effectiveness of risk reduction measures for toluene with that of risk reduction measures for other chemical substances, infectious diseases, accidents, disasters, etc.However, Kishimoto's proposal is, in practice, applicable only to substances such as toluene, for which abundant toxicity information is available. In risk tradeoff analysis associated with substance substitution, the substitution often involves replacing a substance for which there is relatively abundant information, with one for which there is insufficient information. For such risk tradeoff analysis to become a IntroductionWhile the use of chemical substances is necessary for achieving a prosperous and sustainable society, there is concern about related risks against humans and ecosystems. The production, use, and emission of chemical substances determined to pose significant risks are regulated by laws and through self-management. For example, such substances as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), some chloride agrichemicals, brominated flame retardants, and heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, and lead are strictly regulated, while the emissions of substances like air pollutants such as toluene are declining every year due to voluntary emission control.[1]Although the risk associated with a particular substance can be reduced by regulating the use and emission of that substance, related measures may be costly; and replacement by different, less hazardous substances is often made, while maintaining the functionality of the product in which the original substance was used. For example, the brominated flame retardant, decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE), has been replaced by substances such as bisphenol-A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP); [2] lead solder alloys by 'lead-free solder alloys,' such as tin-silver-copper alloys, which do not contain lead; [3] and chlorinated solvents by carbohydrate or aqueous varieties, for use as industrial cleansers.[4]The occur...

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Section: Methods Using a Common Risk Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods Using a Common Risk Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods Of Multiple-substance Relative Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Liver Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a framework for risk tradeoff analysis of chemical substance substitution

Masashi

Takeshita

2016

Synthesiology English edition

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“…Several methods are available for assessing toxicity varying from classifications based on physico-chemical properties (as is relevant for nanomaterials), animal experiments and/or modelling frameworks (such as QSAR to predict toxicity effects with/without including a correlation with physicochemical properties), or PBPK-models to determine the exposure-dose-response relationship (Hristozov et al, 2012). Then, scores need to be aggregated, which is mainly done by multiplying exposure and effect (see for example (Gamo et al, 2003;Juraske et al, 2007;van Asselt et al, 2013), although one study added the scores (Penrose et al, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review of methodology and application of risk ranking for prioritisation of food and feed related issues, on the basis of the size of anticipated health impact

Fels‐Klerx

Asselt

Raley³

et al. 2015

EFS3

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Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): van der Fels-Klerx, H. J., van Asselt, E. D., Raley, M., Poulsen, M., Korsgaard, H. B., Bredsdorff, L., ... Frewer, L. (2015). Critical review of methodology and application of risk ranking for prioritisation of food and feed related issues, on the basis of the size of anticipated health impact. Europen Food Safety Authority. (EFSA Supporting Publications; No. 710E, Vol. 12(1) ABSTRACTThis study aimed to critically review methodologies for ranking of risks related to feed/food safety and nutritional hazards, on the basis of their anticipated human health impact. An extensive systematic literature review was performed to identify and characterize the available methodologies for risk ranking in the fields of feed and food safety and nutritional hazards, as well as the socio-economic field. Risk ranking methods from the environmental field were studied as well to determine whether approaches used in this field could also be applied for ranking human health risks related to feed and food safety and nutritional hazards. The review used a predefined search protocol. It covered the bibliographic databases Scopus, CAB Abstracts, Web of Sciences, and PubMed over the period 1993-2013. All references obtained were stored into an Endnote database and evaluated for their relevance. All references deemed to be relevant were studied in-depth so as to characterize the risk ranking method described. Characteristics of each method were stored in an Excel database. The methods for risk ranking were then grouped into method categories, which were described in general. These groups included: risk assessment, comparative risk assessment, risk ratio method, scoring method, cost of illness, DALY/QALY, willingness to pay, multi criteria decision analysis, risk matrix, flow charts/decision trees and expert judgment methods. Based on the characteristics of the individual methods and the method categories, an overarching framework was developed for selection of the appropriate method(s) that could be used for risk ranking of feed and food related hazards, on the basis of human health impact. This framework has the format of a decision tool, with which -given the characteristics of the risk ranking question at hand -the most appropriate method(s) can be selected. Application of this overall framework to several case studies showed it can be a useful tool for risk managers/assessors to select the most suitable method for risk ranking of feed/food and diet related hazards, on the basis of expected human health impact. © RIKILT, 2015 DISCLAIMERThe present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It...

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Screening the Toxicity and Biodegradability of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by a Rapid Colorimetric Method

Montagnolli

Lopes

Bidóia

2014

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Crude oil and petroleum products have a wide variety of hazardous components with high toxicity and low biodegradability. Certain dyes change their colors by intercepting electron transfer reactions during the transformation processes. This study applied resazurin and 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol indicators for a rapid screening biodegradation capability and toxicity response to various petroleum products such as motor oil, diesel, gasoline, and phenol. Colorimetry tests were performed in test tubes, and the absorbance values were measured over time. We observed different discoloration profiles after degradation tests using Bacillus subtilis inoculum. Phytotoxicity assays were also performed to compare colorimetric screening assays with a conventional toxicity testing with plants (seed germination). The results indicated that biotransformation of oils can increase its overall toxicity. Intermediate byproducts can be formed through biodegradation and thereby increase the toxicity of oils. The assessment of acute toxicity has shown that phenol is extremely toxic to petroleum-biodegrading microbial communities. Low molecular-weight gasoline was considered biodegradable, but it also exhibited a high acute toxic effect, mainly due to its high solubility and the presence of more volatile compounds that can penetrate cells and potentially damage cellular structures.

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Ranking the risks of 12 major environmental pollutants that occur in Japan

Cited by 40 publications

References 13 publications

Development of a framework for risk tradeoff analysis of chemical substance substitution

Development of a framework for risk tradeoff analysis of chemical substance substitution

Critical review of methodology and application of risk ranking for prioritisation of food and feed related issues, on the basis of the size of anticipated health impact

Screening the Toxicity and Biodegradability of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by a Rapid Colorimetric Method

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