Rapid absorption of diclofenac and acetaminophen after their oral administration to cattle

Abstract

The oral pharmacokinetics of diclofenac (DF) were evaluated in cattle by analyzing plasma concentration-time data after its intravenous and oral administration in order to propose the oral administration of DF as effective route to avoid long withdraw period. DF was intravenously and orally administered at 1 mg/kg to cattle using a crossover design with a 4-week washout period. Plasma concentrations of DF were determined by a HPLC analysis. The mean absorption time (MAT) and absorption half-life (t1/2ka) were 1.61 ± 0.61 and 1.51 ± 0.38 hr, respectively, and bioavailability was nearly 100%. The oral pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen (AAP) were also evaluated in cattle. Plasma concentrations of AAP were determined by a HPLC analysis. MAT and t1/2ka were 2.85 ± 0.93 and 1.53 ± 0.28 hr, respectively, and bioavailability was approximately 70%. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that DF and AAP are rapidly absorbed from the forestomach of cattle. Therefore, the appropriate efficacies of these drugs may be achieved via their oral administration, even in cattle.

Antibiotics and microbial resistance in Brazilian soils under manure application

“…Diclofenac was detected in all SWI soils (maximum: 15.90 μg kg −1 minimum: 2.80 μg kg −1 ). The presence of this compound is consistent with its wide use as an anti-inflammatory drug and a painkiller in pigs (Cevc & Blume, 2001) and cattle (Sawaguchi et al, 2016).…”

Overdrachtsmodellering van dierbehandelingsmiddelen in runderen

“…Verder is gebruikt gemaakt van de veterinaire database FARAD waar een overzicht is beschreven van alle literatuur wat betreft paracetamol in runderen (https://cafarad.ucdavis.edu/citationsearch/). Er zijn twee studies gevonden die de orale opname van paracetamol in runderen/kalveren beschrijven en deze zijn opgenomen in Tabel 3.2 (Janus et al, 2003;Sawaguchi et al, 2016).…”

“…De halfwaardetijd in het maag/darmkanaal was 1,6 uur. In het model wordt de opnamesnelheid van paracetamol gebruikt als PBK inputparameter, namelijk 0,472 per uur (Sawaguchi et al, 2016). Verder wordt aangenomen dat paracetamol voor 100% wordt opgenomen en dat de pens niet bijdraagt aan metabolisme.…”

“…Maar de PBK-simulaties zijn uiteindelijk nodig voor de melkkoe. Omdat er geen kinetische studies met melkkoeien beschikbaar zijn, zijn de data voor stieren genomen als basis om de leverklaring te beschrijven, namelijk 0,31 l/uur/kg (Sawaguchi et al, 2016). De aanname is dat er voor paracetamol dus geen verschillen zijn tussen stieren en melkkoeien als het gaat om leverklaring.…”

Effects of CYP1A enzyme specific inhibitor on pharmacokinetics of para-acetaminophen in Bactrian camel

“…These data demonstrate that both the absorption and elimination of injected p-acetaminophen are faster in porcine animals than in Bactrian camels. Sawaguchi et al [8] studied the pharmacokinetics of p-acetaminophen in healthy cattle following oral administration and reported that T max was 1.40 ± 0.55 h, T 1/2 was 2.41 ± 0.58 h, and the MRT was 4.70 ± 0.93 h. Yamasaki et al [9] reported that T 1/2 was 0.30 ± 0.02 h and the MRT was 0.40 ± 0.03 h in rats upon intramuscular injection of p-acetaminophen, revealing that it is eliminated quickly by rats. Comparing these previously reported data with those obtained in the current study (Table 1) reveals that T max , T 1/2 , and MRT for p-acetaminophen in Bactrian camels is higher than that in pigs, cows, and rats.…”