Rapid and low cost determination of cadmium in whole blood by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry after ultrasound-assisted sample preparation

Abstract

Foi desenvolvido um método rápido, de baixo custo e preciso para a determinação de cádmio em sangue integral usando espectrometria de fluorescência atômica com geração de hidreto (HG-AFS). A amostra foi preparada por lixiviação assistida por ultra-som e a solução resultante foi usada diretamente para a determinação do cádmio por HG-AFS. Adotando-se as condições otimizadas para o procedimento proposto, o limite de detecção (LOD) e limite de quantificação (LOQ) foram de 0,08 e 0,26 µg L -1 , respectivamente, calculados a partir de três e dez vezes o desvio padrão de onze medidas para a amostra de sangue bovino (branco), com baixo teor de Cd (0,2 µg L -1 , diluída por um fator de 10). O desvio-padrão relativo (RSD, n = 7) variou entre 3-10% (entre medidas) para amostras de sangue contendo de 1 a 8 µg L -1 de cádmio. A precisão e aplicabilidade prática do método foram comprovadas analisando-se materiais de referência certificados (MRCs). Os resultados foram ainda comparados com aqueles obtidos por espectrometria de massa com fonte de plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS). Uma boa concordância foi observada entre os resultados obtidos por HG-AFS e ICP-MS para a determinação de cádmio em MRCs e em amostras de sangue humano.A rapid, low cost and precise method was developed for the determination of cadmium in whole blood using hydride generation atomic fluorescence (HG-AFS). Sample was simply prepared utilizing ultrasound-assisted leaching and the resulting solution was directly used for cadmium determination by HG-AFS. Adopting optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the proposed procedure were 0.08 and 0.26 µg L −1 , calculated from three and ten times the standard deviations of eleven runs of blank blood sample (bovine blood) with low Cd content (0.2 µg L −1 Cd, tenfold diluted); and the relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 7) varied between 3-10% (between-run) at 1-8 µg L −1 cadmium level in blood. The accuracy and practical applicability of the method were validated by analyzing certified reference materials (CRMs) and further demonstrated by results comparison with inductively coupled plasma masss spectrometry (ICP-MS). Good agreement has been demonstrated between results obtained by HG-AFS and ICP-MS for cadmium determination in CRMS and human whole blood.

Preparation of Polycurcumin-Modified Graphite Electrode via Electropolymerization and its Application for Determining Cd²⁺

“…A strategy analysis method that produces high selectivity and sensitivity is necessary to control heavy metal contamination. Several common methods to analyze the low concentration of trace metals, particularly for Cd 2+ , are atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) [5], atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) [6], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [7], and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry [7]. They have extraordinary selectivity and high sensitivity, but they have several drawbacks due to expensive instruments, single-component detection, complicated sample preparation, and diverse pre-analysis procedures [4].…”

A new bio-compatible Cd2+-selective nanostructured fluorescent imprinted polymer for cadmium ion sensing in aqueous media and its application in bio imaging in Vero cells

“…Different methods such as ame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), 6 inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), 7 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 8 spectrophotometry, 9,10 voltammetry, [11][12][13] potentiometry, 14 chemiluminescence, 15 and atomic 16 and molecular uorescence spectroscopy [17][18][19] have been reported for cadmium ion monitoring in various samples. The development of uorescent sensing materials has attracted a great deal of attention because of intrinsic sensitivity, simplicity and real-time detection.…”

Diode laser thermal vaporization ICP MS with a simple tubular cell for determination of lead and cadmium in whole blood

“…2,3 The determination of lead and cadmium in biological materials is demanding mainly due to low concentrations of both metals and a complex matrix varying from sample to sample. Analytical methods used for lead or cadmium determination in liquid blood include electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), 4,5 hydride generation atomic uorescence spectrometry (HG AFS), 6,7 anodic stripping voltammetry techniques 8,9 and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS). 10,11 ICP MS is a highly sensitive technique for the determination of trace elements but the analysis of liquid blood samples is limited due to possible contamination and impurities introduced during sample pretreatment processes such as extraction, dilution or microwave-assisted digestion.…”