Rapid and reliable serological diagnosis of enteric fever: comparative sensitivity and specificity of Typhidot and Typhidot-M tests in febrile Malaysian children

Choo, K. E.; Davis, Timothy; Ismail, Asma; Ibrahim, Tallat; Ghazali, W.N.W.

doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(98)00095-3

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The Typhidot was significantly more sensitive than the Widal test, although the sensitivity and specificity were lower than those reported from Malaysia and The Philippines. [10][11][12] Our findings of sensitivity and specificity were also lower than values Ͼ 90% reported recently by Karamat and others 27 from northern Pakistan. These differences may be due to several factors including the genomic diversity among S. typhi isolates in the region 28 and differences in antigenic epitopes.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…The test incorporates nitrocellulose strips impregnated with the OMP antigen and separately identifies IgM and IgG antibodies. Although the test has shown promising results in preliminary studies from Malaysia 10,11 and The Philippines, 12 the interpretation of the IgG response in highly endemic areas remains problematic. There is concern that in such endemic populations pre-existing IgG antibodies to S. typhi may increase rapidly following reinfection and potentially mask a concomitant IgM response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid serologic diagnosis of pediatric typhoid fever in an endemic area: a prospective comparative evaluation of two dot-enzyme immunoassays and the Widal test.

Bhutta

Mansurali²

1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We evaluated the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of two dot-enzyme-linked immunoassays (Typhidot and Typhidot-M; Malaysian Biodiagnostic Research SDN BHD, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia), assessing IgG and IgM antibodies against the outer membrane protein (OMP) of Salmonella typhi, and the Widal test in comparison with blood culture in a consecutive group of children with suspected typhoid fever. Of 97 children with suspected typhoid fever, the disease was confirmed bacteriologically in 46 (47%), whereas 25 (26%) were considered to have typhoid fever on clinical grounds. An alternative diagnosis was made in 26 (27%). The Typhidot and Typhidot-M were superior to the Widal test in their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, although values (sensitivity ϭ 85-94% and specificity ϭ 77-89%) were significantly lower than in other regional reports. The lower specificity of the Typhidot in our series may represent regional differences in the genomic structure and plasticity of the OMP of S. typhi and merits further evaluation of these tests in diverse geographic locations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid serologic diagnosis of pediatric typhoid fever in an endemic area: a prospective comparative evaluation of two dot-enzyme immunoassays and the Widal test.

Bhutta

Mansurali²

1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Results of the Widal test have demonstrated to vary between different areas and in time, due to variation in background levels as well as a result of variation in the quality of the antigen. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The need for a rapid and inexpensive laboratory test for early and accurate diagnosis of patients with typhoid fever has prompted the exploration of a variety of serologic and antigen detection methods, including counter immunoelectrophoresis, 13,14 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), [15][16][17][18] dot immunoassay, 16,[19][20][21] hemagglutination, 22 and coagglutination. 23 However, these assays are not very easy to perform, not rapid, require special equipment or skills, or depend on electricity and on refrigeration for storage of components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple dipstick assay for the detection of Salmonella typhi-specific IgM antibodies and the evolution of the immune response in patients with typhoid fever.

Hatta

Goris²,

Heerkens³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Application of a dipstick assay for the detection of Salmonella typhi-specific IgM antibodies on samples collected from S. typhi or S. paratyphi culture-positive patients at the day of admission to the hospital revealed the presence of specific IgM antibodies in 43.5%, 92.9%, and 100% for samples collected 4-6 days, 6-9 days, and > 9 days after the onset of fever, respectively. The mean sensitivity for samples collected an average of 6.6 days after the onset of fever was 65.3%. Culture was positive in 65.9% of the cases with a final clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever. Testing of paired serum samples from culture negative patients with a final clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever resulted in staining of the dipstick in 4.3% of the samples collected at the day of admission to the hospital and in 76.6% of the samples collected one week later, thereby provided strong supporting evidence of typhoid fever by demonstrating seroconversion in a large proportion of the patients. The dipstick assay may thus also be useful for the serodiagnosis of culture-negative patients with clinical signs and symptoms consistent with typhoid fever. The advantages of the dipstick assay are that the result can be obtained on the same day allowing a prompt treatment, that only a small volume of serum is needed, and that no special laboratory equipment is needed to perform the assay. The stability of the reagents of the dipstick and the simplicity of the assay allows its use in places that lack laboratory facilities.

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“…Commercially it is available in two different properties like the Typhidot M that detects only IgM antibodies of S. typhi has been reported to be slightly more specific in a couple of studies [48][49] . Typhidot® test detects specific IgM and IgG antibodies to S. typhi.…”

Section: Antibody Detection Dot Enzyme Immunoassay (Eia) Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IgG can persist for more than two years after typhoid fever Infection 51 . The detection of specific IgG can not differentiate between acute and convalescent cases 48 .…”

Section: Antibody Detection Dot Enzyme Immunoassay (Eia) Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Diagnosis of Enteric Fever: A Review Update

Sultana¹,

Maruf²,

Sultana³

et al. 2017

Bangladesh J. Infect. Dis.

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The diagnosis of typhoid fever on clinical presentations alone is difficult, as the presenting symptoms are diverse and similar to those observed with other febrile illnesses, especially during the first weeks of the infection. Therefore, laboratory-based investigations are essential for supporting the diagnosis of the disease. The "gold standard" for diagnosis of typhoid fever is the isolation of Salmonella typhi from appropriate samples including blood, bone marrow aspirates, stool, urine and rose spots. This facility is not available in many areas where the disease is endemic. Serodiagnosis depends upon the 100-year-old Widal test, and other serological diagnostic tools have limitations because of their low sensitivity and/or specificity. The development of molecular methods for diagnosis of infectious diseases, including typhoid fever has improved the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis. One of the molecular methods, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most sensitive and rapid method to detect microbial pathogens in clinical specimens. Antigen detection has not been investigated for well over three decades and detecting an immune response specific for typhoid fever has been done only with antibody detection. There is an urgent need for the rational design and evaluation of effective and appropriate diagnostics for typhoid fever which must include the emerging threat of S. typhi. However, monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility patterns will ensure that signs of developing resistance are detected early and that the appropriate action is taken. Therefore, this present review has been designed to describe the different diagnostic procedure of typhoid fever. [Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2016;3(2):43-51]

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Rapid and reliable serological diagnosis of enteric fever: comparative sensitivity and specificity of Typhidot and Typhidot-M tests in febrile Malaysian children

Cited by 47 publications

References 7 publications

Rapid serologic diagnosis of pediatric typhoid fever in an endemic area: a prospective comparative evaluation of two dot-enzyme immunoassays and the Widal test.

Rapid serologic diagnosis of pediatric typhoid fever in an endemic area: a prospective comparative evaluation of two dot-enzyme immunoassays and the Widal test.

Simple dipstick assay for the detection of Salmonella typhi-specific IgM antibodies and the evolution of the immune response in patients with typhoid fever.

Laboratory Diagnosis of Enteric Fever: A Review Update

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